This is an application for the competitive renewal of a T32 Institutional National Research Service Award for a successful postdoctoral training program in medical rehabilitation research that focuses on brain injury and neurological disability. We propose to train 4 postdoctoral level trainees per year, each for a total duration of 2-3 years. The training program is based in the Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) and in Baltimore. Kennedy Krieger is a major center for clinical care and research on neurological disabilities in children and young adults on the Johns Hopkins University medical campus. Trainees can work with any of the 29 faculty advisors from the Kennedy Krieger Institute, the Department of PM&R, Neurology, Neuroscience, Pediatrics, Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Biostatistics at Johns Hopkins. The mission of our program is to educate a group of postdoctoral researchers in the science of neurorehabilitation with the goal of improving outcomes for children and adults with neurologically based disabilities. We do so via a training environment that focuses on collaboration in research and clinical practice. Our vision is to harness scientific discoveries from fields such as neuroscience, biomedical engineering, neurology, and psychology and apply them to populations with damage to the nervous system. In this way, our program fulfills a national need to transfer science and technology more quickly to the bedside. The goals of the program are to 1) train clinicians and basic scientists who will go on to make important contributions that advance the rehabilitation of patients with brain and spinal cord injuries and other neurological disabilities; 2) equip these trainees with the skills needed to become independent grant-funded investigators. The focus of the training program is on a mentored period of hypothesis-driven translational clinical and/or laboratory based research. Faculty