# Role of OT and Ach in enhancing social discrimination by modulating primate amygdalo-striatal networks

> **NIH NIH P50** · EMORY UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $339,676

## Abstract

PROJECT SUMMARY (Project 4, Gothard)
Despite the great diversity of species-specific social behaviors, many of the fundamental building blocks of social
behavior are shared across species. For example, correct identification of individuals allows animals to learn
the unique rewards or adverse outcomes expected from interacting with different individuals. The sensory
modalities involved in discriminating between individuals may be different across species, but the neural
mechanisms of social discrimination may be shared. Oxytocin (OT) emerged recently as a universal factor that
governs social behaviors in multiple mammalian species. In this project, we explore the role of OT in shaping
basic neural processes during social learning in non-human primates, such as the discrimination of individuals
and the associations of individuals with different levels of reward. The experiments converge on the central
hypothesis that during social learning, OT enhances the functional coupling between the basolateral amygdala
(BLA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Consequently, neurons in the BLA are expected to show greater selectivity
for unique combinations of individuals and rewards, while the neural activity across populations of neurons in
the amygdalo-striatal networks are expected to show higher oscillatory coherence. To test these hypotheses we
designed a conditioned social discrimination task that takes advantage of the visual abilities of macaques to
discriminate between individuals presented in videos. This approximates the ability of humans to become highly
familiar and accurately predict the behaviors of individuals even without real-life interactions, a process that is
impaired in many psychiatric disorders, including autism. As this reward-driven task has both perceptual and
operant components, it is expected to involve activation of and communication between the BLA and NAc. The
task, therefore, will generate brain states that are conducive to capture the neural signature of interactions in the
amygdalo-striatal networks. We will measure and compare both single unit activity and local field potential in the
BLA and NAc while monkeys perform the task after local BLA infusion of OT or vehicle. In the primates, OT
receptors (OXTR) are synthesized in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), not in the BLA. This inspired our
secondary hypothesis that the neurophysiological effects of OT in the BLA are mediated by cholinergic (Ach)
mechanisms. The mechanisms are driven by OXTR signaling on NBM neurons that project to the BLA. The ACh
system enhances learning and memory across species and we hypothesize that during social learning, OT
amplifies ACh release in the BLA, thereby increasing salience of social stimuli. The precise contribution and the
synergy between the OT and Ach systems in the BLA will be tested by neurophysiological recordings coupled
with direct injections of OT and cholinergic agonist/antagonists into the BLA or NBM. This project is highly
inte...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 9851940
- **Project number:** 5P50MH100023-08
- **Recipient organization:** EMORY UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Katalin M Gothard
- **Activity code:** P50 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2020
- **Award amount:** $339,676
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** — → —

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9851940

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 9851940, Role of OT and Ach in enhancing social discrimination by modulating primate amygdalo-striatal networks (5P50MH100023-08). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-22 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/9851940. Licensed CC0.

---

*[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*