# Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescents at Risk for Depression: The Interpersonal Context

> **NIH NIH R21** · YALE UNIVERSITY · 2020 · $209,375

## Abstract

Project Summary/Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and debilitating psychiatric illness. Having a mother with
MDD is a significant risk factor for MDD. A central process implicated in MDD transmission is emotion
dysregulation, which results from a combination of irregular emotional reactions and maladaptive emotion
regulation (ER; the ability to alter one’s emotional experience and expression in an adaptive way). Prior studies
have shown that – in response to negative stimuli – adolescents with familial MDD risk display increased
activation in brain regions associated with negative affect (NA; e.g., amygdala), and decreased activity in
regions related to cognitive control (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [dlPFC]). In response to positive stimuli,
at-risk adolescents show blunted response in regions related to reward processing (e.g., ventral striatum) and
increased activation in regions related to cognitive control. Together, these findings support the idea that
emotion dysregulation is a risk factor for MDD. Conversely, adaptive ER may serve as a protective factor.
Thus, emotion dysregulation is an important target for research and intervention. Prior imaging studies,
however, suffer from low ecological validity. The present study will address this limitation in two ways. First, we
will focus on interpersonal context, which is central to MDD risk. The few studies that used social stimuli
examined only responses to peer feedback, despite the evidence that parental feedback is crucial in MDD. The
present study will be the first to examine neural responses to both maternal and peer feedback using
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Second, we will complement fMRI with experience sampling
methods (ESM), a highly ecologically valid procedure that involves monitoring individuals in daily life. Thus,
the proposed study will uniquely shed light on the associations between neural responses to maternal
and peer feedback and everyday experiences. We will recruit 60 never-disordered children (aged 9-13) of
mothers with (high-risk) or without (low-risk) past MDD. Participants will complete an fMRI task assessing
responses to peer and maternal feedback. Then, we will use ESM for 21 days to assess their emotional
reactivity and regulation in response to interpersonal events. We hypothesize that (1) those at high (vs. low)
risk will respond to criticism with greater activation in brain regions related to NA and less activation in regions
related to cognitive control, whereas in response to praise, they will show less activation in brain regions
related to reward circuitry and increased activity in regions related to cognitive control. (2) In response to
everyday negative events, high-risk adolescents will experience more NA and use more maladaptive ER and
less adaptive ER; in response to positive events, high-risk adolescents will experience less positive affect (PA)
and use more maladaptive ER and less adaptive ER. (3) Neura...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 9896192
- **Project number:** 1R21MH119552-01A1
- **Recipient organization:** YALE UNIVERSITY
- **Principal Investigator:** Jutta Joormann
- **Activity code:** R21 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2020
- **Award amount:** $209,375
- **Award type:** 1
- **Project period:** 2019-12-01 → 2021-11-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9896192

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 9896192, Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescents at Risk for Depression: The Interpersonal Context (1R21MH119552-01A1). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-06-11 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/9896192. Licensed CC0.

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