# Designing Novel Protein Assemblies as Rigid Symmetric Scaffolds for Cryo-EM Imaging

> **NIH NIH R01** · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · 2020 · $304,399

## Abstract

SUMMARY
 Cryo-electron microscopy (cyro-EM) is undergoing extraordinary revolutions in technology, making it
possible to image large protein assemblies and nucleic acid complexes in atomic detail. Critically however,
the methods are mainly applicable to large assemblies (especially those that are symmetric), while smaller
proteins (e.g. smaller than 50 kDa) are below current technological limits. Given that the average cellular
protein is smaller than that, new molecular strategies are needed badly in order to fully realize the
transformational potential of cryo-EM.
 It has long been recognized that smaller proteins of more typical size could be visualized by cryo-EM
if they could be arrayed rigidly on a larger molecular scaffold to provide mass and higher contrast, and
ideally in a way that would confer a high degree of symmetry. This goal has been largely elusive. Two key
challenges have been (1) how to attach proteins to scaffolds in a rigid way so that important imaging
advantages could be exploited, and (2) how to develop a modular system that would not require
unpredictable molecular engineering and optimization and laborious EM testing for every new target
molecule to be studied.
 This Technology Development proposal answers the challenge of developing cryo-EM scaffolds that
are symmetric, modular, and rigid, by applying new methods from our group and collaborators for designing
precisely defined and highly symmetric protein assemblies. Designed protein cages provide a symmetric
core for external attachments. To these symmetric cores, we genetically fuse proteins known as DARPins,
which have been developed as facile systems for binding specifically and rigidly to diverse proteins based
on laboratory evolution of their loop sequences. Importantly, the connection between the DARPin and the
designed symmetric core is made relatively rigid by using a continuous alpha helical fusion approach, an
idea introduced earlier for designing novel protein cages.
 In preliminary work we evaluated one of the first-generation modular scaffold candidates by cryo-
EM. When imaged by itself (cage core plus DARPin) the core is resolved to 3.1Å and the DARPin is held
rigidly enough to see at medium resolution (about 3.5 to 5.5 Å). In new preliminary data the first scaffold
candidate has been imaged with a first cargo protein, GFP, bound. There the DARPin is somewhat rigidified
compared to the free form, while the bound GFP itself is visualized at 4.7 Å resolution overall, a new
benchmark for cryo-EM of small proteins. These experiments lay out the most promising and most modular
route so far for imaging small proteins, while also showing what further design steps are required to reach
near-atomic resolution. This leading work will design, evaluate and perfect a novel set of cryo-EM scaffolds
based on designed protein cages, with major impacts on structural biology and medicine.

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 9896862
- **Project number:** 5R01GM129854-02
- **Recipient organization:** UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
- **Principal Investigator:** Todd O Yeates
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2020
- **Award amount:** $304,399
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2019-04-01 → 2023-03-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9896862

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 9896862, Designing Novel Protein Assemblies as Rigid Symmetric Scaffolds for Cryo-EM Imaging (5R01GM129854-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-23 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/9896862. Licensed CC0.

---

*[NIH grants dataset](/datasets/nih-grants) · CC0 1.0*