Globally, 41% of all pregnancies are unintended, increasing risk for maternal and infant morbidities and mortality. Most unintended pregnancies occur in the context of contraceptive non-use or failure. Women with husbands not supportive of contraception are more likely to report contraceptive non-use, and women with sexually abusive husbands are more likely to report contraceptive failure. Such findings highlight the need for family planning (FP) interventions that engage both women and men, focus on eliminating marital sexual violence (MSV) and promote use of effective (low failure risk) spacing contraception including long-acting reversible contraception (LARC; e.g. intrauterine device or IUD). Rural India, with some of the lowest rates of contraception and highest rates of marital violence globally, offers an important context in which to test such interventions, with global implications. Prior research from this team documents promise of the original CHARM intervention, a gender equity (GE) FP intervention engaging men and delivered by male health providers over three months. This intervention improved contraceptive use and reduced likelihood of MSV, but demonstrated no reduction in unintended pregnancy; additionally, it demonstrated good participation from men (91%) but less from couples (51%), largely due to women’s discomfort with a male provider. Poor reach to women and provision of only short-acting contraceptives (pill, condom) more vulnerable to contraceptive failure, likely compromised unintended pregnancy outcomes. Based on these findings, we propose CHARM2, which will include CHARM sessions for men AND parallel women-focused GE+FP sessions delivered by a female provider and inclusive of broader contraceptive options, including LARC. This study seeks a) to implement CHARM2, b) to evaluate its impact on contraceptive use, unintended pregnancy, and MSV with rural couples in India, and c) to assess its potential for sustainability in rural India, using implementation science methods. To evaluate the impact of CHARM2 on our outcomes of interest, a two armed cluster randomized controlled trial will be conducted with N=1000 married couples from 50 geographic clusters (n=20 couples per cluster) in rural Maharashtra, India. Participants will receive CHARM2 or the standard of care control condition, which will involve community health workers offering pills/condoms and linking women to public health clinics. Outcomes will be assessed via pregnancy testing and surveys at baseline and 9&18-month follow-ups. Implementation science methods will be used to assess the quality, scalability, and replicability of CHARM2 for uptake by rural health care systems (i.e., sustainability). Specifically, in-depth interviews will be conducted with CHARM2 intervention couples (n=50) and providers (n=20); focus groups will be conducted with key stakeholders from the family planning and rural health infrastructures at state, national and international lev...