Surviving the Epidemic: Families and Well-Being, Malawi 1998–2020 Project Summary: Across Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), a remarkable cohort is reaching middle and older ages: those who have survived the AIDS epidemic. Some were infected with HIV, but everybody in this co- hort was affected by HIV. Nobody could escape an epidemic that was devastating for both its health and social implications, and one that struck hard in a region also dealing with poverty, famines, and basic uncertainties of life. Were the survivors of this cohort just lucky? What promoted survival and resilience in such a terrible context, and what influenced health and well-being among the survivors and their families? How is present demographic change, health, well-being and economic development in ESA shaped by the experience of the epi- demic and by the strategies used to survive the epidemic? These and related questions about “Surviving the Epidemic” (STE) will be studied by exploiting an unusually rich data source: the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH) cohort, 1998–2020. The motivation to expand, publicly-release and analyze the MLSFH until 2020 is multifold: (a) The MLSFH 1998–2020 will provide a unique opportunity to investigate questions about STE, an opportunity not available from other ESA data. (b) The MLSFH 1998–2020 will also be exceptional in allowing researchers to understand how the epidemic and the strategies for STE employed by individuals and families continue to shape the epidemiological and demographic transitions in ESA. (c) The end of the epidemic will almost certainly not mark the end of global health crises (an example at the time of this submission is the considerable concern about Zika in the Americas), and we need to better understand the mech- anisms of how low-income country citizens cope with such crises. The Specific Aims for the MLSFH 1998-2020 therefore include: Aim 1: Collect and publicly-release new MLSFH data from 2016–20 for (a) surviving MLSFH respondents and their families, (b) children of surviving and deceased respondents, and (c) migrants, with an expected N(surveyed) 6,300 plus data on 1,200 deceased respondents. The topics to be covered include well- being, mortality & morbidity, family & household dynamics, social capital & networks, physical & mental health, household production & consumption, and intergenerational relations. Aim 2: Using the MLSFH 1998–2020 and diverse methodological approaches for longitudinal data ranging from ethnographic methods to econometric structural equation modeling, analyze the determinants of STE by identifying the factors, social contexts and individual/household behaviors influencing survival, resilience, and well-being among MLSFH respondents, their children, and other family members. Aim 3: Analyze the consequences and lasting imprints of STE on (a) physical/mental health and non-communicable diseases among surviving adults and children of survivors and non-survivors, (b) f...