# Leukotriene modifying agents in the prevention of excess morbidity and mortality from influenza

> **NIH NIH R01** · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · 2020 · $636,629

## Abstract

Influenza is a major worldwide human pathogen that can cause severe illness and death. Spread of influenza
to terminal airways/alveoli with the development of primary viral pneumonia is a life-threatening complication of
influenza. Limiting influenza infection of alveolar epithelial cells would be expected to prevent the development
of viral pneumonia. In a rodent model we found that alveolar macrophages act to suppress the susceptibility of
alveolar epithelial cells to influenza infection by inhibiting the 5 lipoxygenase leukotriene pathway in epithelial
cells. Deficiency or dysfunction of alveolar macrophages results in enhanced susceptibility of alveolar epithelial
cells to infection and lethal injury. We also found that administration of a leukotriene modifying agent (LMA) at
the time of infection mimics the action of alveolar macrophages and suppresses infection of alveolar epithelial
cells in the infected animals preventing the development of lethal influenza pneumonia. LMAs are a class of
oral medication that inhibit leukotriene formation or action, and are commonly used safe and inexpensive
prescription drugs used to treat asthma and allergic rhinitis. If the rodent model findings can be extrapolated to
the human, we hypothesize that children and adults with asthma or allergic rhinitis that are treated with LMAs
would have a reduced incidence of influenza pneumonia and decreased morbidity and mortality. If these
concepts are validated by the proposed study, it would suggest a novel therapeutic approach to decreasing
influenza morbidity using an available, inexpensive, oral and safe pharmacologic agent across all ages.
Two critical pieces of evidence are needed to move these findings forward into a clinical trial or observational
study of empiric use in humans during pandemic influenza: (1) proof of concept that LMAs decrease influenza
morbidity in humans, and an estimated effect size, and (2) to complement findings in the rodent model,
establishment of the role of human alveolar macrophages and LMAs in regulating the susceptibility of human
alveolar epithelial cells to influenza infection in vitro. To address the first aim we plan to conduct a large
observational study of children and adults who receive LMAs for asthma or allergic rhinitis to determine the
impact on severe influenza events. To address the second aim, we will first establish that the interaction of
human alveolar macrophages with human alveolar epithelial cells suppresses infection of alveolar epithelial
cells in vitro. We will next demonstrate that treatment of human alveolar epithelial cells with LMAs mimics the
effect of alveolar macrophages and reduces the susceptibility of alveolar epithelial cells to influenza infection.
Potential Impact: This study aims to explore a novel hypothesis, extending evidence from animal studies that
available and safe oral drugs may decrease influenza-related morbidity and mortality and to corroborate the
action in human lungs. If these c...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 9978695
- **Project number:** 5R01AI136526-03
- **Recipient organization:** VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER
- **Principal Investigator:** Thomas J Braciale
- **Activity code:** R01 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2020
- **Award amount:** $636,629
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2018-08-07 → 2023-07-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9978695

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 9978695, Leukotriene modifying agents in the prevention of excess morbidity and mortality from influenza (5R01AI136526-03). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-29 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/9978695. Licensed CC0.

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