# A computational framework for attention during urgent choices

> **NIH NIH R21** · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · 2020 · $193,750

## Abstract

Project Summary/Abstract
The choice of where to look next entails selecting one particular motor action from a repertoire of available
options, with the selection process being guided primarily by current perceptual information and, more indi-
rectly, by internal factors such as motivation, current goals, previous experience, etc. The goal of this project
is to develop and test a mechanistic framework for describing how perceptual and motor-planning processes
dynamically interact and give rise to saccadic choices. What is partiuclarly ambitious about this project is that
it aims to provide a parametrically detailed framework that is applicable to a large family of tasks while being
tightly constrained by neurophysiology. In traditional studies of choice behavior, a decision based on a sen-
sory stimulus is made first and is then followed by a motor report. Under such conditions, a choice is often
conceived as a serial process of perceptual evaluation followed by action selection, where the perceptual judg-
ment (e.g., a color or motion discrimination) is relatively slow (∼hundreds of ms). However, in the case of
saccadic choices this scheme is rather misleading, because under natural viewing conditions the median time
between gaze fixations is rather short (200–250 ms), and the next saccade is always being planned. Based on
urgency manipulations, recent work from our laboratory has uncovered many details about how perception
and attention guide the choice process under more temporally realistic conditions, i.e., when the perceptual
evaluation occurs rapidly (< 50 ms) and informs oculomotor plans that are already ongoing. By combining
our urgent-choice paradigms with neurophysiological and theoretical results, we have developed a modeling
framework that (1) is applicable to a wide range of saccadic choice tasks, (2) replicates rich psychophysical data
with exquisite detail, and (3) is firmly consistent with the oculomotor activity observed in the frontal eye field
(FEF). Here we propose to develop and test this framework and its predictions with a variety of saccadic choice
tasks to be performed by human subjects. These tasks give rise to psychometric measurements that are unique
in their temporal resolution, and based on such measurements, we will investigate how exogenous (saliency-
driven) and endogenous (rule-driven) spatial attention relate to oculomotor activity, how they interact with
and differ from each other, and how their dynamics relate to individual differences in task performance be-
tween participants. Using the computational model to fit the data, we will test specific mechanistic hypotheses
about visuomotor interactions. The key innovations of this project are, first, that it investigates eye movements
in the rapid timescale that is relevant for naturally occurring visuomotor behaviors; second, that it is integra-
tive, i.e., it aims to synthesize numerous neurophysiological and psychophysical results into a small number
of principles wh...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 9983193
- **Project number:** 5R21MH120784-02
- **Recipient organization:** WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
- **Principal Investigator:** Emilio Salinas
- **Activity code:** R21 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2020
- **Award amount:** $193,750
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2019-07-24 → 2022-04-30

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9983193

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 9983193, A computational framework for attention during urgent choices (5R21MH120784-02). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-24 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/9983193. Licensed CC0.

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