Summary We are requesting funds to support 2020 Gordon Research Conference on the Cell Biology of the Neuron, and the associated Gordon Research Seminar for junior scientists and trainees. The meeting will be held Waterville Valley, NH, June 28- July 3, 2020, with the GRS immediately preceding (June 27-28). The main focus of this conference is the interface between cell biology and neuroscience. The driving force for this theme is the realization that to understand the complex neuronal communication, we need to understand the complex cell biology occurring in neurons. A molecular and cellular understanding to neuronal function will also help tackle questions related to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The Cell Biology of the Neuron meeting has always been, and continues to be a prominent platform for critical, pre-publication discussion on the recent discoveries that contribute to move forward our understanding of neuronal cell biology. The 2020 conference will highlights emerging topics in this interdisciplinary field, with a focus on transport machinery and structural organization in axons and synapses, mechanisms controlling neuron al shape, size and function, translation and protein homeostasis in health and disease, neuron-glia interaction and communication as well as new transforming technologies. The meeting program will examine these themes by bringing together speakers form diverse fields, background and career stages. A strong emphasis is placed on promoting intense research discussions and new collaborations among attendees. Invited speakers include both outstanding senior scientists and rising stars, with a significant proportion of talks to be selected from abstracts submitted by junior scientists. We anticipate that this combination will result in a stimulating exchange of ideas and will lead to exciting new research directions in future. Our proposal has two specific aims: to stimulate progress in the field of neuronal cell biology, by bringing together an exceptional group of scientists in a program emphasizing emerging themes in neuronal shape, structure and size to function in health and disease; and to inspire junior scientists and trainees, facilitating scientific interactions, increasing the diversity of ideas, background, and training in the interdisciplinary field of neuronal cell biology. The multidisciplinary theme and shared focus will facilitate communication across the entire continuum of molecular and cellular neuronal biology. Just as importantly, we seek an interactive and inclusive environment characterized by lively discussions between invited speakers, discussion leaders, poster presenters, and all meeting participants. Together, these objectives will lead to a better understanding of the unique biology characteristic of neurons, and to improved strategies for addressing devastating neuronal diseases in future.