# Next generation in vivo miniature microscopes integrating dual-color imaging, 3D imaging, and optogenetic stimulation with a cloud-compatible data acquisition platform

> **NIH NIH R44** · INSCOPIX, INC. · 2021 · $879,153

## Abstract

Project Summary
Our understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders is undergoing a paradigm shift away from simple models
emphasizing neurotransmitter imbalance towards more sophisticated theories based on abnormalities in neural
circuit function. This is especially important for understanding disorders like Schizophrenia and PTSD, which
defy simple biochemical explanations, but are now known to involve abnormal patterns of neural ensemble
activity. Even for other types of brain disorders such as neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Parkinson's Disease),
or neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g. Autism) that have molecular-genetic, cellular or environmental causes,
there is increasing awareness that the dysfunction is ultimately expressed at the level of neural circuits in the
brain, and manifests in abnormal neural circuit dynamics. However, we still lack crucial basic understanding of
neural activity patterns during normal behavior and how these patterns are altered in disease. Many rodent
models of human brain diseases are now available, but neuroscientists are still hindered by lack of a technology
for large-scale recording and manipulation of activity in large populations of genetically identified neurons in
the brains of behaving animal subjects. Inscopix, Inc. was spun out of Stanford University to commercialize a
miniature fluorescence microscope technology to enable neuroscientists to visualize Ca2+ dynamics in up to 1200
neurons simultaneously in awake, behaving rodents at cellular resolution. The development of the commercial
system, nVista, was partly funded by a prior NIMH SBIR grant. The project surpassed all expectations and
exemplifies how the NIH/NIMH SBIR program is highly effective in catalyzing innovation and supporting
commercialization of breakthrough innovations for Neuroscience. The outcome of the prior SBIR Phase I and
Phase II is an nVista system that is today in use at over 200 laboratories around the world and that has led to
>50 scientific publications in top-tier journals.
In this Fast-Track proposal, we will build on the prior successful SBIR and the success of nVista, and develop
and commercialize a next generation brain mapping platform that transforms nVista into a versatile platform
integrating single- and dual-color imaging, volumetric imaging, and optogenetics stimulation capabilities,
together with web-based, cloud-compatible data acquisition and control. In Phase I, we will design and fabricate
prototypes of the new microscope for the next generation brain mapping platform (Aim 1) together with an
advanced video data acquisition and processing system (Aim 2). We will validate performance of these
prototypes and conduct the first in vivo experiments with a small group of beta labs (Aim 3). In Phase II, we
will fabricate 15 complete, user-friendly systems, incorporating feedback from Phase I (Aim 4), with supporting
image processing and analysis algorithms (Aim 5). We will perform extensive in vivo experiments with a la...

## Key facts

- **NIH application ID:** 9999054
- **Project number:** 5R44MH118752-03
- **Recipient organization:** INSCOPIX, INC.
- **Principal Investigator:** Kunal Ghosh
- **Activity code:** R44 (R01, R21, SBIR, etc.)
- **Funding institute:** NIH
- **Fiscal year:** 2021
- **Award amount:** $879,153
- **Award type:** 5
- **Project period:** 2018-09-18 → 2022-10-31

## Primary source

NIH RePORTER: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9999054

## Citation

> US National Institutes of Health, RePORTER application 9999054, Next generation in vivo miniature microscopes integrating dual-color imaging, 3D imaging, and optogenetic stimulation with a cloud-compatible data acquisition platform (5R44MH118752-03). Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-05-23 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nih/9999054. Licensed CC0.

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