This award funds the acquisition of high-temperature pyrolysis elemental analyzer (TC/EA) and coupled gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GS-IRMS) for the Biogeochemistry Laboratory in the Geosciences Department at Virginia Tech (VT). This pair of instruments can measure the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in a variety of materials. Stable isotopes are stable atoms of elements with different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei; their small differences in mass lead to sorting during chemical reactions, such that stable isotopes act as natural tracers during a host of natural processes. The measurement of the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen provide insight into the behaviors of these elements in different chemical reactions in the environment. This includes tracking the movement of water, the migration of animals, and the transfer of energy in food networks. Stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses can also aid in reconstructing past changes in temperature and precipitation and understanding the formation of mineral deposits. Beyond research activities, the new instruments will also be used in teaching and outreach activities that will engage high school and college students and researchers both regionally and nationally. These instruments will significantly enhance the capabilities of the VT Biogeochemistry Lab and expand its research, education, and outreach activities. It will be critical to on-going, currently funded and future research in the la