This project investigates how the rapid evolution of an agricultural pest makes it more difficult to control using natural means. People think of evolution occurring in geological time, with eras like the Dinosaur Age populated with different organisms from what we have on Earth today. Most studies of evolution, however, look at changes that occur in days or years in organisms that are all around us today. Scientists are realizing that rapid evolution is common and affects all organisms. For example, many agricultural pests in the USA are controlled by predators that attack and kill them, making insecticides unnecessary. Pea aphids represent a great example of this, because they are kept in check by predators. However, pea aphids can evolve resistance to predators. This rapid evolution raises the risk of greater crop damage. Despite their ability to evolve resistance, all the pea aphids do not become resistance to predators. There are also some that remain susceptible, creating a balance between resistance and susceptibility. This project aims to uncover how this balance is maintained, and how agricultural management practices can reduce the risks of agricultural pests becoming resistant. Understanding this balance will help to develop strategies to make US agriculture more resilient and increase the security and sustainability of our bioeconomy. The project will also provide hands-on research experiences to students with no prior experience. Public outreach events will engag