Wildland fires create risks to public health, the environment, and the economy. The Southeast U.S. wetlands have a high frequency of fires due to excessive growth of biomass. The emissions from these fires and their impacts are not fully understood. This project will use advanced tools and controlled laboratory experiments to study wetland biomass burning emissions and their environmental impacts. The project will examine the physical and chemical properties of aerosols generated from combustion. Toxicity measurements will further elucidate the health effects of wetland biomass burning aerosols. The results from the project will improve the ability to manage wetland fires and predict their influence on air quality, environment, and human health. The results will also include new educational activities and museum demonstrations to help students and society better understand and manage wildland fires. Wildland fires, encompassing prescribed fires and wildfires, are essential to many ecosystems that shape landscapes, control pests, and promote biodiversity. Biomass burning during wildland fires contributes significantly to aerosols in the global atmosphere as a leading source of black carbon and primary organic aerosol emissions. However, substantial uncertainties persist regarding the amounts and properties of the primary and secondary biomass burning aerosols since there is a scarcity of experiments with well controlled burning and photochemical aging conditions. Moreover