Processes at the ice-ocean interface of marine-terminating glaciers play a critical role in determining the rate of ice sheet mass loss and the depth at which meltwater enters the ocean. Submarine melting along glacier ice faces, traditionally thought to be governed by the strength of subglacial discharge, also influences iceberg calving rates. However, emerging evidence reveals the presence of energetic dynamics elsewhere along the ice face, driving turbulent flows that remain poorly understood and underrepresented in existing models. These dynamics challenge current parameterizations of melt and freshwater flux, underscoring the need to directly validate and improve these frameworks. Specifically, there is the need to accurately represent their role in amplifying feedback loops and nudging the climate system toward potential tipping points relating to accelerated ice loss and disrupted ocean circulation. This project will integrate direct measurements of submarine melt rates and near-ice boundary-layer dynamics at Greenland’s marine-terminating glaciers with numerical simulations to improve the next-generation climate models. Beyond the importance to society and the scientific community, the work will provide mentorship and support for early career researchers, post docs, graduate and undergraduate students, and outreach with a local community as part of a conversation about their changing icy landscape. This proposal will support development of a robust, observationally