The primary goal of this project is to develop new methods for identifying various types of turbulence and mixing regimes in the upper ocean that result from different forcings at the ocean surface. The forcings include heating/cooling, wind-driven shear, and wave-wind interactions. They produce upper ocean mixing that facilitates ocean-atmosphere exchange of properties and that is anisotropic, meaning non-uniform in the three spatial directions, in distinct ways. This project will employ novel statistical techniques to identify this anisotropy and thus the different mixing types, advancing previous methods not able to resolve this kind of detail. The approach involves testing the methods in a model that simulates upper ocean turbulence and applying them then to available ocean velocity data from ADCPs (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers) that are commonly collected on research cruises. The outcomes of the project will help advance physical oceanography and other fields by shedding new light onto what type of mixing is occurring and by providing open-source software that will enable other researchers to employ the same advanced methods. The strength and depth of mixing in the upper ocean mediates the transfer of properties between the ocean and atmosphere, but direct measurements of this mixing are challenging to collect and only provide information about specific aspects of the dynamics. This project will develop novel methods that characterize and distinguish different