Defining a design problem is the catalyst for the engineering design process itself. Problem statements create a shared mental model for engineers and stakeholders, shaping the trajectory of subsequent design decisions. This critical framing of the problem to be solved is often established during the fuzzy front end of design, when project expectations and team understanding are still evolving. Problem formulations can exist in many different forms — such as lists of goals, value models, constraints, or requirements — and each form can introduce biases that predispose engineers towards certain decisions, potentially limiting creativity. However, isolating the effect of design problem formulation is challenging due to moderating variables like problem domain and complexity. This research seeks to use controlled experiments with engineering students and practitioners to investigate how problem formulation influences design exploration and decision-making. Findings looks to inform the development of evidence-based guidance to improve problem formulation practices, with the potential to reduce design cycle times in both educational and industrial settings, ultimately enhancing U.S. economic competitiveness. The project also seeks to promote industry adoption through practitioner workshops and close collaboration. This project looks to advance our understanding by addressing three critical research questions: In what ways do problem formulation styles affect exploration in the