Bacteria can evolve and become resistant to antibiotics that are used to treat infections. Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health challenge and is a factor in millions of deaths each year. The environment plays an important role in how resistant bacteria survive and spread. Scientists have found antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread in aerosols in air. This CAREER project focuses on how the formation of aerosols influences the transport and spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes. It uses a flow-through chamber to simulate bacterial transport in air and to measure the response of bacteria, including the development of antibiotic resistance, to environmental conditions. The experiments are complemented with field studies and computational models to predict transport, exposure and risk in high-risk areas. The project also provides hands-on research opportunities and international training programs that connect engineering, environmental science, and public health. Project outcomes provide data needed to develop better strategies to slow the spread of antibiotic resistance around the world. The proposed project introduces both technical and conceptual innovations that advance the understanding of airborne antibiotic resistance beyond detection and transport. While aerosols have been increasingly recognized as a pathway for antibiotic resistance dissemination, their role as dynamic environments that shape bacterial adaptation remains largely unexplored. The pr