# Rules and Constraints Shaping the Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks

> **NSF 01002627DB NSF RESEARCH & RELATED ACTIVIT** · Miami University (OH) · $763,232

## Abstract

New body structures allow organisms to explore new ways of surviving and adapt to different environments. Understanding how such structures arise at the molecular level has long been a central goal in biology. Rather than inventing new genes to build new body features, evolution often works by reusing existing ones, changing when and where genes are turned on and how they interact with each other. These changes in how genes interact, known as gene regulatory networks, are now thought to be a primary driver of the emergence of new body features. However, it remains unclear whether the evolution of gene regulatory networks follows any predictable trends, underlying rules, or inherent limitations. Using the highly modified wings of beetles as a model system, this project seeks to uncover the principles that govern how gene networks change over evolutionary time to generate new structures. Beyond its scientific significance, this project advances the broader national interest in several ways. The project integrates research and education by supporting a student-driven gene annotation initiative conducted in the teaching laboratory, in which undergraduate students perform original genetic experiments and contribute their findings to a publicly accessible database, gaining real-world research experience. The project also establishes several science outreach initiatives designed to engage and recruit individuals with disabilities into scientific careers. Furthermore, insights into t

## Key facts

- **NSF award ID:** 2544766
- **Awardee organization:** Miami University (OH)
- **SAM.gov UEI:** T6J6AF3AM8M8
- **PI:** Yoshinori Tomoyasu
- **Primary program:** 01002627DB NSF RESEARCH & RELATED ACTIVIT
- **All programs:** Biotechnology
- **Estimated total:** $763,232
- **Funds obligated:** $763,232
- **Transaction type:** Standard Grant
- **Period:** 06/01/2026 → 05/31/2029

## Primary source

NSF Award Search: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2544766

## Citation

> US National Science Foundation, Award 2544766, Rules and Constraints Shaping the Evolution of Gene Regulatory Networks. Retrieved via AI Analytics 2026-06-07 from https://api.ai-analytics.org/grant/nsf/2544766. Licensed CC0.

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