In 2010, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (Commission or CPSC) published a consumer product safety standard for full-size baby cribs under section 104 of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA). The standard incorporated by reference ASTM F1169-10, Standard Consumer Safety Specification for Full-Size Baby Cribs, with modifications. In 2019, the standard was updated to incorporate by reference ASTM F1169-19. The CPSIA sets forth a process for updating mandatory standards for durable infant or toddler products that are based on a voluntary standard, when a voluntary standards organization revises the standard. Consistent with the CPSIA update process, this direct final rule updates the mandatory standard for full-size baby cribs to incorporate by reference ASTM's 2025 version of the voluntary standard.