# Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for Two Tidal Marsh PlantsCirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum (Suisun Thistle) and Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis (Soft Bird's-Beak) From the San Francisco Bay Area of California
> **US Fish and Wildlife Service** · Final rule. · Published 1997-11-20 · Effective 1997-12-22 · 62 FR 61916
## Document
- **Document number:** 97-30552
- **Category:** endangered-species
- **Sub-agency:** US Fish and Wildlife Service
- **State:** CA
- **Federal Register citation:** 62 FR 61916
- **CFR reference:** 50 CFR 17
- **Publication date:** 1997-11-20
- **Effective date:** 1997-12-22
## Abstract

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) determines endangered status pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), for two plants--Cirsium hydrophilum var. hydrophilum (Suisun thistle) and Cordylanthus mollis ssp. mollis (soft bird's- beak). These species are restricted to salt and brackish tidal marshes within the San Francisco Bay area in northern California. Habitat conversion, water pollution, changes in salinity, indirect effects of urbanization, mosquito abatement activities (including off-road vehicle use), competition with non-native vegetation, insect predation, erosion, and other human-caused actions threaten these two species. This rule implements the Federal protection and recovery provisions afforded by the Act for these plants.

## Source
- [Federal Register document](https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/1997/11/20/97-30552/endangered-and-threatened-wildlife-and-plants-determination-of-endangered-status-for-two-tidal-marsh)
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