{"url_path":"/sec/ambr/10-k/2026/item-7","section_key":"item-7","section_title":"Item 7 ****MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS**","topic":"sec","document":{"doc_type":"20-F","doc_date":"2026-05-13","source_url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1697818/0001104659-26-060362-index.html","accession_number":"0001104659-26-060362","cik":"0001697818","ticker":"AMBR","issuer_name":"Amber International Holding Ltd","edgar_url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1697818/0001104659-26-060362-index.html","primary_entity_key":"0001697818","primary_entity_name":"Amber International Holding Ltd"},"word_count":843,"has_tables":true,"body_markdown":"**ITEM 7.****MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS**\n\nA.Major Shareholders\n\nPlease refer to “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”\n\n91\n\n[Table of Contents](#TOC)\n\nB.Related Party Transactions\n\nOur relationships with related parties who had transaction with the Company and our subsidiaries are summarized as follows:\n\n**Related parties**\n\n**  ​ ​ ​**\n\n**Relationship to the Company**\n\nAmber Global Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber AI Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber AI Services Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber AM Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nWhaleFin Technologies Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber Technologies Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber Technologies North America Ltd\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nLead Accelerating Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nWhaleFin Markets Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nGamma Digital Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAxiom AI Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nRigsec Technology Holding Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nRigsec Technology Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber Services NA, LLC\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAAC Global Holding Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAG Global Technology Limited Inc.\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber Global Alpha Fund Management Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nProton Fund SPC\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\nAmber ALIR Holding Limited\n\n​\n\nAffiliate\n\n​\n\n​\n\n92\n\n[Table of Contents](#TOC)\n\nThe following transactions with related parties took place at terms agreed between the parties during the financial period:\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**  ​ ​ ​**\n\n**For the years ended December 31,**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**2023**\n\n​\n\n**2024**\n\n​\n\n**2025**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**(US$in**\n\n​\n\n**(US$in**\n\n​\n\n**(US$in**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**thousands)**\n\n**  ​ ​ ​**\n\n**thousands)**\n\n**  ​ ​ ​**\n\n**thousands)**\n\n**Revenue generated from:**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\nWhaleFin Technologies Limited\n\n​\n\n308\n\n \n\n1,898\n\n \n\n24,142\n\nAmber Technologies Limited\n\n​\n\n1,277\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\nLead Accelerating Limited\n\n​\n\n18\n\n \n\n3,709\n\n \n\n8,860\n\nAG Global Technology Limited Inc.\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n3,542\n\nProton Fund SPC\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n4,991\n\nAxiom AI Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n1,342\n\nAmber Global Alpha Fund Management Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n​\n\n—\n\n​\n\n34\n\nAmber ALIR Holding Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n1\n\nRigsec Technology Holding Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n62\n\nRigsec Technology Limited\n\n​\n\n25\n\n \n\n25\n\n \n\n—\n\nGamma Digital Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n5\n\n \n\n6\n\n​\n\n​\n\n1,628\n\n \n\n5,637\n\n \n\n42,980\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**Cost of revenue to:**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\nWhaleFin Technologies Limited\n\n​\n\n9\n\n \n\n49\n\n \n\n—\n\nLead Accelerating Limited\n\n​\n\n6\n\n \n\n22\n\n \n\n329\n\nAmber ALIR Holding Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n103\n\nAmber AI Services Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n19\n\nAmber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\n2\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**Service income from:**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\nAmber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n66\n\n \n\n106\n\nWhaleFin Markets Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n48\n\n \n\n108\n\nAxiom AI Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n375\n\nAAC Global Holding Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n7\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**Outsourcing/support services provided by:**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\nAmber Technologies North America Ltd\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n7\n\n \n\n1,675\n\nAmber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\n90\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\nAmber AI Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n10,622\n\nAmber AI Services Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n2,960\n\nAmber AM Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n32\n\nAmber Services NA, LLC\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n403\n\nAmber ALIR Holding Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n282\n\nAmber Technologies Service Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n55\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**Interest expenses to:**\n\n​\n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\nAmber Global Limited\n\n​\n\n58\n\n \n\n17\n\n \n\n—\n\nAmber Technologies Global Pte. Ltd.\n\n​\n\n73\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**Service fee to:**\n\n​\n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\nRigsec Technology Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n59\n\n \n\n185\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**Payment on behalf:**\n\n​\n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\nAmber AI Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n320\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**Waiver of balance by:**\n\n​\n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\nAmber Global Limited\n\n​\n\n—\n\n \n\n47,106\n\n \n\n948\n\n93\n\n[Table of Contents](#TOC)\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**  ​ ​ ​**\n\n**As of January 1,**\n\n​\n\n**As of December 31,**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**2024**\n\n**  ​ ​ ​**\n\n**2024**\n\n**  ​ ​ ​**\n\n**2025**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**(US$in**\n\n​\n\n**(US$in**\n\n​\n\n**(US$in**\n\n​\n\n​\n\n**thousands)**\n\n​\n\n**thousands)**\n\n​\n\n**thousands)**\n\n**Loan payable**\n\n \n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\n \n\n  ​\n\nAG Global Technology Limited Inc. (Note)\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n—\n\n \n\n550\n\n​\n\nNote: The loan payable to AG Global Technology Limited Inc. is for working capital purpose. It is unsecured, interest-free, repayable on demand, and denominated in US$.\n\nIn April 2026, we entered into a service agreement with Lead Accelerating Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amber Global Limited, pursuant to which we agreed to provide platform technical, platform and operational services through a self-developed technology platform in connection with the market making business beginning in the second quarter of 2026.\n\n**Contractual Arrangements with our Variable Interest Entity and its Shareholder**\n\nSee “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.”\n\n**Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements**\n\nSee “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—A. Directors and Senior Management—Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements with Executive Officers.”\n\n**Share Incentive Plan**\n\nSee “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers—Share Incentive Plans.”\n\nC.Interests of Experts and Counsel\n\nNot applicable.\n\n​"}