{"url_path":"/sec/gtec/10-q/2026/item-1a","section_key":"item-1a","section_title":"Item 1A RISK FACTORS.**","topic":"sec","document":{"doc_type":"10-Q","doc_date":"2026-05-13","source_url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1735041/0001213900-26-055798-index.html","accession_number":"0001213900-26-055798","cik":"0001735041","ticker":"GTEC","issuer_name":"Greenland Technologies Holding Corp.","edgar_url":"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1735041/0001213900-26-055798-index.html","primary_entity_key":"0001735041","primary_entity_name":"Greenland Technologies Holding Corp."},"word_count":18651,"has_tables":true,"body_markdown":"**ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.**\n\n \n\n**Summary of Risk Factors**\n\n \n\nAn investment in our Class A ordinary shares is\nsubject to a number of risks, including risks related to our business and industry, risks related to our corporate structure, risks related\nto doing business in China and risks related to our Class A ordinary shares. You should carefully consider all of the information in this\nQuarterly Report before making an investment in the Class A ordinary shares. The following list summarizes some, but not all, of these\nrisks. Please read the information in this section for a more thorough description of these and other risks.\n\n \n\n**Risks Related to Our Business and Industry**\n\n \n\nFor more detailed discussions of the following\nrisks, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to our Business and Industry” on pages 17 through 24.\n\n \n\n●Our\nsubsidiaries’ business operations are cash intensive, and our subsidiaries’ business could be adversely affected if we fail\nto maintain sufficient levels of liquidity and working capital;\n\n \n\n●We\ngrant relatively long payment terms for accounts receivable which can adversely affect our cash flow;\n\n \n\n●Our\nsubsidiaries face short lead-times for delivery of products to customers. Failure to meet delivery deadlines could result in the loss\nof customers and damage to our reputation and goodwill;\n\n \n\n●Our\nsubsidiaries face intense competition, and if we are unable to compete effectively, we may not be able to maintain profitability;\n\n \n\n●Our\nrevenues are highly dependent on a limited number of customers and the loss of any one of our subsidiaries’ major customers could\nmaterially and adversely affect our growth and revenues;\n\n  \n\n●As\nour subsidiaries expand their operations, they may need to establish a more diverse supplier network for raw materials. The failure to\nsecure a more diverse supplier network could have an adverse effect on our financial condition;\n\n \n\n●To\nremain competitive, our subsidiaries are introducing new lines of business, including the production and sale of electric industrial\nheavy equipment. If these efforts are not successful, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected;\n\n \n\n●New\nlines of business, including the production and sale of electric industrial heavy equipment, may subject us and our subsidiaries to additional\nrisks;\n\n \n\n \n●\nTariffs and other trade barriers imposed on Chinese goods, including components manufactured in the PRC and assembled in the United States by HEVI, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations;\n\n \n \n \n\n \n●\nVolatile steel prices can cause significant fluctuations in our operating results. Our revenues and operating income could decrease if steel prices increase or if our subsidiaries are unable to pass price increases on to their customers;\n\n \n\n \n●\nWe are subject to various risks and uncertainties that may affect our subsidiaries’ ability to procure raw materials; and\n\n \n \n \n\n \n●\nGeopolitical conflicts involving Iran, military actions in the Middle East, and the war in Ukraine may adversely affect economic conditions in the U.S., China and globally, and cause significant volatility in the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares.\n\n \n\n14\n\n \n\n \n\n**Risks Related to Doing Business in China**\n\n \n\nFor more detailed discussions of the following\nrisks, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China” on pages 25 through 34.\n\n \n\n●Changes\nin China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business\nand operations;\n\n \n\n●Uncertainties\narising from the legal system in China, including uncertainties regarding the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws and the possibility\nthat regulations and rules can change quickly with little advance notice, could hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our\nsecurities, result in a material adverse change to our business operations, and damage our reputation, which could materially and adversely\naffect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless.\nSee “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the\nmanner in which we must conduct our business activities. If the Chinese government significantly regulates the business operations of\nour PRC subsidiaries in the future and our PRC subsidiaries are not able to substantially comply with such regulations, our business\noperations may be materially adversely affected and the value of our Class A ordinary shares may significantly decrease” and “Risk\nFactors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could adversely affect\nus and our PRC subsidiaries”;\n\n \n\n●The\nChinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas\nand/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings\nthat are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability\nto offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.\nSee “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—The PRC government exerts substantial influence over the\nmanner in which we must conduct our business activities. If the Chinese government significantly regulates the business operations of\nour PRC subsidiaries in the future and our PRC subsidiaries are not able to substantially comply with such regulations, our business\noperations may be materially adversely affected and the value of our Class A ordinary shares may significantly decrease”;\n\n \n\n●Our\nfuture offerings will need to be filed with the CSRC, along with compliance with any other applicable PRC rules, policies and regulations,\nin connection with any future offering of our securities. Any failure to filing, or delay in filing, or failure to complying with any\nother applicable PRC requirements for an offering, may subject us to sanctions imposed by the relevant PRC regulatory authority. In addition,\nif applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change such that we are required to obtain approval in the future and we fail to\nobtain such approvals, we may be subject to an investigation by competent regulators, fines or penalties, or an order prohibiting us\nfrom conducting an offering, and these risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our Class A\nordinary shares, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause\nsuch securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business\nin China—We are required under PRC laws to submit filings to CSRC for our future offerings. However, we believe that we are not\ncurrently required to obtain the approval and/or comply with other requirements of the CSRC, the CAC, or other PRC governmental authorities\nunder PRC rules, regulations or policies in connection with our continued listing on Nasdaq. In the event that any such approval is required\nor that there are other requirements we are obligated to comply with, we cannot predict whether or how soon we will be able to obtain\nsuch approvals and/or comply with such requirements.” and “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—We\nmay be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information provided by our customers and any failure to comply with PRC\nlaws and regulations over data security could result in materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and our continued\nlisting on Nasdaq”;\n\n \n\n●Our\nsubsidiaries may be liable for improper use or appropriation of personal information provided by their customers and any failure to comply\nwith PRC laws and regulations over data security could result in materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and\nour continued listing on Nasdaq;\n\n \n\n15\n\n \n\n \n\n●You\nmay have difficulty enforcing judgments against us;\n\n \n\n●Under\nthe PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a “Resident Enterprise” of China. Such classification will likely\nresult in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders;\n\n \n\n●PRC\nregulation of loans to, and direct investments in, PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using proceeds\nfrom our future financing activities to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries;\n\n \n\n●We\nmay rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries for our cash needs, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments\nto us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct business;\n\n \n\n \n●\nGovernmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment;\n\n \n \n \n\n \n●\nU.S. regulatory bodies may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our operations in China; and\n\n  \n\n●Our\nsecurities may be delisted and prohibited from being traded under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable\nto inspect our auditor in the future. Any future delisting and cessation of trading of our securities, or the threat of their being delisted\nand prohibited from being traded, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, any inability of the\nPCAOB to conduct inspections of our auditor in the future would deprive our investors of the benefits of such inspections. See “Risk\nFactors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Our Class A ordinary shares may be delisted and prohibited from being traded\nunder the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors. The delisting and the cessation of\ntrading of our Class A ordinary shares, or the threat of their being delisted and prohibited from being traded, may materially and adversely\naffect the value of your investment. Additionally, any inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections deprives our investors with the\nbenefits of such inspections.”\n\n** **\n\n**Risks Related to Our Class A Ordinary Shares**\n\n \n\nFor more detailed discussions of the following\nrisks, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Class A Ordinary Shares” on pages 35 through 39.\n\n \n\n \n●\nNasdaq has recently adopted and proposed new listing rules that could result in the accelerated delisting of our Class A ordinary shares.\n\n \n \n \n\n \n●\nOur dual-class share structure with different voting rights will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares may view as beneficial;\n\n \n \n \n\n \n●\nThe dual-class structure of our ordinary shares may adversely affect the trading market for the Class A ordinary shares;\n\n \n \n \n\n \n●\nFuture sales of our Class A ordinary shares, whether by us or our shareholders, could cause the price of our Class A ordinary shares to decline;\n\n \n\n●Because\nwe do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on the price appreciation of our Class A ordinary shares for\nreturn on your investment; and\n\n \n\n●Techniques\nemployed by short sellers may drive down the market price of our Class A ordinary shares.\n\n \n\n16\n\n \n\n \n\n**Risks Related to our Business and Industry**\n\n \n\n**Our subsidiaries’ business operations\nare cash intensive, and our subsidiaries’ business could be adversely affected if we fail to maintain sufficient levels of liquidity\nand working capital.**\n\n \n\nAs of March 31, 2026, we had approximately $10.61\nmillion of cash and cash equivalents. Historically, we have spent a significant amount of cash on our operational activities, principally\nto procure raw materials for our subsidiaries’ products. Our short-term loans are from Chinese banks and are generally secured by\na portion of our fixed assets, land use rights and/or guarantees by related parties. Certain of these loans are secured against a portion\nof the shares of our PRC subsidiaries. The term of a majority of such loans is one year. Historically, we rolled over such loans on an\nannual basis. However, we may not have sufficient funds available to pay all of our borrowings upon maturity in the future. Failure to\nroll over our short-term borrowings at maturity or to service our debt could result in a transfer of the ownership of a portion of the\nshares of our PRC subsidiaries to secured lenders, the imposition of penalties, including increases in interest rates, legal actions against\nus by our creditors, and even insolvency.\n\n \n\nAlthough we have been able to maintain adequate\nworking capital primarily through cash from operations and short-term and long-term borrowings, any failure by our customers to settle\noutstanding accounts receivable, or our inability to borrow sufficient capital from local banks in the future could materially and adversely\naffect our cash flow, financial condition and results of operations.\n\n \n\n**We grant relatively long payment terms for\naccounts receivable which can adversely affect our cash flow.**\n\n \n\nAs is customary in China, for competitive reasons,\nwe grant relatively long payment terms to most of our subsidiaries’ customers. The allowances we establish for our receivables may\nnot be adequate. We are subject to the risk that we may be unable to collect accounts receivable in a timely manner. If the accounts receivable\ncannot be collected in time, or at all, a significant amount of expected credit losses will occur, and our business, financial condition\nand results of operation will likely be materially and adversely affected.\n\n \n\n**Our subsidiaries face short lead-times for\ndelivery of products to customers. Failure to meet delivery deadlines could result in the loss of customers and damage to our reputation\nand goodwill.**\n\n \n\nMost of our subsidiaries’ customers are\nlarge manufacturers, who generally place large orders for our subsidiaries’ products and require prompt delivery. Our subsidiaries’\nproduct sale agreements typically contain short lead-times for the delivery of products and tight production and manufacturer supply\nschedules that can reduce our profit margins on the products procured from our subsidiaries’ suppliers. Our subsidiaries’\nsuppliers may lack sufficient capacity at any given time to meet all of the demands from our subsidiaries’ customers if orders exceed\ntheir production capacity. Our subsidiaries strive for rapid response to customer demands, which can lead to reduced purchasing efficiency,\nincreased procurement costs and low profit margins. If our subsidiaries are unable to meet the customer demands, they may lose customers.\nMoreover, failure to meet customer demands may damage our reputation and goodwill.\n\n \n\n**Our subsidiaries face intense competition,\nand, if our subsidiaries are unable to compete effectively, we may not be able to maintain profitability.**\n\n \n\nOur subsidiaries compete with many other companies\nlocated in the PRC and internationally that manufacture similar products. Many of our subsidiaries’ competitors are larger companies\nwith greater financial resources. Intense competition in a challenging economic environment in the PRC has, in the past, put pressure\non our margins and may adversely affect our future financial performance. Moreover, intense competition may result in potential or actual\nlitigation between our subsidiaries and their competitors relating to such activities as competitive sales practices, relationships with\nkey suppliers and customers or other matters.\n\n \n\n17\n\n \n\n \n\nIt is likely that our subsidiaries’ competitors\nwill seek to develop similar competing products in the near future. Some of our subsidiaries’ competitors may have more resources\nthan our subsidiaries do, operate in greater scale, be more capitalized than our subsidiaries are, have access to cheaper raw materials\nthan our subsidiaries do, or offer products at a more competitive price. There can be no assurance that our initial competitive advantage\nwill be retained and that one or more competitors will not develop products that are equal or superior in quality and are better priced\nthan our subsidiaries’ products. If our subsidiaries are unable to compete effectively, our results of operations and financial\nposition may be materially and adversely affected.\n\n \n\n**Our revenues are highly dependent on a limited\nnumber of customers and the loss of any one of our subsidiaries’ major customers could materially and adversely affect our growth\nand revenues.**\n\n \n\nDuring the three months ended March 31, 2026 and\n2025, our subsidiaries’ five largest customers contributed 39.79% and 41.27% of our revenues, respectively. For the three months\nended March 31, 2026 and 2025, Greenland’s single largest customer, Hangcha Group, accounted for 16.69% and 17.77%, respectively,\nof Greenland’s total revenue. Other than Hangcha Group, no other single customer individually contributed to more than 10% of our\ntotal revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.\n\n \n\nAs a result of our subsidiaries’ reliance\non a limited number of customers, our subsidiaries may face pricing and other competitive pressures, which may have a material adverse\neffect on our profits and our revenues. The volume of products sold for specific customers varies from year to year, especially since\nour subsidiaries are not the exclusive provider for any customers. In addition, there are a number of factors that could cause the loss\nof a customer or a substantial reduction in the products that our subsidiaries provide to any customer that may not be predictable. For\nexample, our subsidiaries’ customers may decide to reduce spending on our subsidiaries’ products or a customer may no longer\nneed our subsidiaries’ products following the completion of a project. The loss of any one of our subsidiaries’ major customers,\na decrease in the volume of sales to our subsidiaries’ customers or a decrease in the price at which our subsidiaries sell their\nproducts to customers could materially and adversely affect our profits and revenues.\n\n \n\nIn addition, this customer concentration may subject\nour subsidiaries to perceived or actual leverage that our subsidiaries’ customers may have in negotiations, given their relative\nsize and importance to our subsidiaries. If our subsidiaries’ customers seek to negotiate their agreements on terms less favorable\nto our subsidiaries and our subsidiaries accept such terms, such unfavorable terms may have a material adverse effect on our subsidiaries’\nbusiness and our financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, unless and until our subsidiaries diversify and expand their\ncustomer base, our future success will significantly depend upon the timing and volume of business from our subsidiaries’ largest\ncustomers and the financial and operational success of these customers.\n\n** **\n\n**As our subsidiaries expand their operations,\nthey may need to establish a more diverse supplier network for raw materials. The failure to secure a more diverse supplier network could\nhave an adverse effect on our financial condition.**\n\n \n\nIn the event that our subsidiaries need to diversify\ntheir supplier network, our subsidiaries may not be able to procure a sufficient supply of raw materials at a competitive price, which\ncould have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Furthermore, despite our subsidiaries’\nefforts to control their supply of raw materials and maintain good relationships with their existing suppliers, our subsidiaries could\nlose one or more of their existing suppliers at any time. The loss of one or more key suppliers could increase our subsidiaries’\nreliance on higher costs or lower quality supplies, which could negatively affect our profitability. Any interruptions to, or decline\nin, the amount or quality of our subsidiaries’ raw materials supply could materially disrupt our subsidiaries’ production\nand adversely affect our subsidiaries’ business and our financial condition and financial prospects.\n\n \n\n18\n\n \n\n \n\n**Our efforts to\ndiversify into electric industrial heavy equipment may not be successful, and the suspension of substantially all of HEVI’s operations\ndue to tariff uncertainty could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.**\n\n \n\nTo remain competitive,\nwe have sought to diversify our product offerings beyond our traditional transmission systems and integrated powertrains for material\nhandling machinery by expanding into the production and sale of electric industrial heavy equipment. Prior to December 2020, through Zhongchai\nHolding and its PRC subsidiaries, our products primarily consisted of transmission systems and integrated powertrains for material handling\nmachinery, particularly electric forklift trucks. In December 2020, through our subsidiary HEVI, we launched a new division that focused\non the production and sale of electric industrial heavy equipment as part of our strategy to diversify our business.\n\n \n\nHEVI’s electric\nindustrial heavy equipment product portfolio includes lithium-powered electric forklifts, electric wheeled loaders, electric excavators,\nand related charging solutions, which have been marketed primarily in the United States. HEVI also established an assembly and distribution\nfacility in Maryland and entered into strategic partnerships intended to support the development and commercialization of electric heavy\nmachinery for the U.S. market. Despite these efforts, this line of business remains at an early stage and has not yet demonstrated sustained\ncommercial success.\n\n \n\nOur expansion into electric\nindustrial heavy equipment involves significant risks and uncertainties. We have limited operating history and experience in this segment,\nwhich differs materially from our legacy business. We may encounter difficulties in product development, manufacturing, supply chain management,\nregulatory compliance, distribution, customer adoption, and after-sales service. Our products may not achieve market acceptance, may face\nstrong competition from established manufacturers, or may not be cost-competitive. As a result, we may be unable to generate sufficient\nrevenue to recover our investment or achieve profitability.\n\n \n\nIn addition, substantially\nall of HEVI’s business operations have been suspended since 2025 due to uncertainty regarding tariff policy, which has adversely\naffected our ability to manufacture, import, distribute, and sell electric industrial heavy equipment. This suspension has limited HEVI’s\nrevenue-generating activities and may continue for an extended period. Although HEVI intends to resume operations once the policy environment\nstabilizes, there can be no assurance as to when, or whether, such stabilization will occur, or whether HEVI will be able to successfully\nrestart operations on commercially reasonable terms.\n\n \n\nIf the suspension of HEVI’s operations continues,\nor if we are unable to successfully resume or scale this business following a resumption of operations, our transition into electric industrial\nheavy equipment may be delayed or unsuccessful. During this transition period, our revenues may remain limited, our operating losses may\nincrease, and our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and business prospects could be materially and adversely affected.\n\n** **\n\n**Tariffs and other\ntrade barriers imposed on Chinese goods, including components manufactured in the PRC and assembled in the United States by HEVI, could\nmaterially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.**\n\n \n\nOur business is subject to significant risks arising\nfrom the trade policies of the United States government with respect to Chinese goods, and the broader relationship between the United\nStates and the PRC. HEVI’s electric industrial heavy equipment products are manufactured using components sourced from and manufactured\nin the PRC, which are then assembled into finished products in the United States. As a result, U.S. tariff policies on Chinese goods have\na direct and material impact on HEVI’s cost structure and business operations. In February 2025, President Donald J. Trump declared\na national emergency under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (“IEEPA”) and announced the imposition of a 10%\ntariff on all imports from China, citing concerns related to trade imbalances and national security. These tariffs were subsequently lifted\nfollowing the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Learning Resources in February 2026. A temporary 10% global tariff on imports was separately\nimposed under Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974. Tariffs imposed under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 and Section 232 of the\nTrade Expansion Act of 1962 remain unaffected by the Supreme Court’s ruling and continue to apply to Chinese goods. As of May 2026,\naverage U.S. tariff rates on Chinese goods remained to be over 30%, excluding exemptions and Section 232 actions, further increasing the\ncost burden on U.S. importers of PRC-manufactured components and potentially affecting demand for products sourced from the PRC.\n\n \n\n19\n\n \n\n \n\nThe imposition of these\ntariffs, and any future escalation thereof, significantly increases the landed cost of PRC-manufactured components imported by HEVI for\nassembly in the United States, potentially rendering HEVI’s finished products less competitive relative to domestically produced\nalternatives or products sourced from non-tariffed jurisdictions. Our operating subsidiaries, including HEVI, may be unable to pass increased\ncosts through to their customers, whether due to competitive pricing pressures, contractual constraints, or prevailing market conditions,\nwhich would compress margins and adversely affect profitability.\n\n \n\nThe business operations\nof HEVI have been suspended since 2025 due to the uncertainty surrounding U.S. tariff policy and the broader trade war between the United\nStates and the PRC, as described elsewhere in this Report. Because HEVI’s products rely on components manufactured in the PRC, the\nimposition of tariffs on Chinese goods has materially disrupted HEVI’s ability to import components at commercially viable costs,\nthereby rendering its assembly and distribution operations in the United States economically unviable under current tariff conditions.\nTo the extent that HEVI’s suspension is prolonged or becomes permanent, the practical impact of tariffs on HEVI’s near-term\noperations may be limited; however, any future resumption of HEVI’s business activities would require the continued importation\nof PRC-manufactured components into the United States, which would be subject to the full scope of applicable tariff regimes. The costs\nand uncertainties associated with those tariffs could impede or delay any such resumption. Additionally, the continued application of\ntariffs affects the broader competitive and cost environment in which our other subsidiaries operate.\n\n \n\nMore broadly, any deterioration in the relationship\nbetween the United States and the PRC, whether arising from tariff disputes, geopolitical tensions, sanctions, export controls, or other\ntrade-related measures, could further increase the costs associated with importing PRC-manufactured components into the United States\nor limit our ability to source such components altogether. Given HEVI’s dependence on PRC-manufactured components for its assembly\noperations in the United States, any such deterioration would have a particularly direct and adverse impact on HEVI’s operations\nand cost structure. If existing tariffs remain in place, are further escalated, or if new tariff regimes are introduced targeting Chinese\ngoods or components, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.\n\n \n\n**Volatile steel prices can cause significant\nfluctuations in our operating results. Our revenues and operating income could decrease if steel prices increase or if our subsidiaries\nare unable to pass price increases on to their customers.**\n\n \n\nOur subsidiaries’ principal raw materials\nare processed metal parts and components which are made of carburizing steel. The steel industry as a whole is cyclical and, at times,\npricing and availability of steel can be volatile due to numerous factors beyond our subsidiaries’ control, including general domestic\nand international economic conditions, labor costs, sales levels, competition, levels of inventory, consolidation of steel producers,\nhigher raw material costs for steel producers, import duties and tariffs and currency exchange rates. This volatility can significantly\naffect the availability and cost of raw materials.\n\n \n\nOur subsidiaries’ suppliers, like many other\nprocessed metal parts and components manufacturers, maintain substantial inventories of steel to accommodate the short lead times and\njust-in-time delivery requirements of customers. Accordingly, our subsidiaries’ suppliers purchase steel in an effort to maintain\ntheir inventory at levels that they believe to be appropriate to satisfy the anticipated needs of customers based upon historic buying\npractices, supply agreements with customers and market conditions. When steel prices increase, competitive conditions will influence how\nmuch of the price increase suppliers would pass on to our subsidiaries and how much our subsidiaries can pass on to their customers. To\nthe extent our subsidiaries are unable to pass on future price increases in raw materials to their customers, the revenues and profitability\nof our business could be adversely affected.\n\n \n\n20\n\n \n\n \n\n**We are subject to various risks and uncertainties\nthat might affect our subsidiaries’ ability to procure raw materials.**\n\n \n\nOur performance depends upon our subsidiaries’\nability to procure low cost, high quality raw materials on a timely basis from their suppliers. Our subsidiaries’ suppliers are\nsubject to certain risks, including the availability of raw materials, labor disputes, inclement weather, natural disasters, and general\neconomic and political conditions, which might limit the ability of our subsidiaries’ suppliers to provide low-cost, high-quality\nmerchandise on a timely basis. Furthermore, for these or other reasons, one or more of our subsidiaries’ suppliers might not adhere\nto our subsidiaries’ quality control standards, and our subsidiaries might not identify the deficiency. Any failure by our subsidiaries’\nsuppliers to supply quality materials at a reasonable cost on a timely basis could reduce our net sales or profits, damage our reputation\nand have an adverse effect on our financial condition.\n\n  \n\n**Our subsidiaries may lose their competitive\nadvantage, and their operations may suffer, if they fail to prevent the loss or misappropriation of, or disputes over, their intellectual\nproperty.**\n\n \n\nOur subsidiaries rely on a combination of patents,\ntrademarks, trade secrets and confidentiality agreements to protect their intellectual property rights. While our subsidiaries are not\ncurrently aware of any infringement on their intellectual property rights, our subsidiaries’ ability to compete successfully and\nto achieve future revenue growth will depend, in significant part, on their ability to protect their proprietary technology. Despite many\nlaws and regulations promulgated, as well as other efforts made, by China over the past several years in an attempt to protect intellectual\nproperty rights, intellectual property rights are not as certain in China as they would be in many Western countries, including the United\nStates. Furthermore, enforcement of such laws and regulations in China has not been fully developed. Neither the administrative agencies\nnor the court systems in China are as equipped as their counterparts in developed countries to deal with violations or handle the nuances\nand complexities between compliant technological innovation and non-compliant infringement.\n\n \n\nOur subsidiaries’ transmission technology\nis protected through a combination of patents, trade secrets, confidentiality agreements and other methods. However, our subsidiaries’\ncompetitors may independently develop similar proprietary methodologies or duplicate our products, or develop alternatives, which could\nhave a material adverse effect on our subsidiaries’ business and our results of operations and financial condition. The misappropriation\nor duplication of our subsidiaries’ intellectual property could disrupt their ongoing business, distract our management and employees,\nreduce our revenues and increase our expenses. Our subsidiaries may need to litigate to enforce their intellectual property rights. Any\nsuch litigation could be time-consuming and costly, and the outcome of any such litigation cannot be guaranteed.\n\n \n\n**Our PRC subsidiaries have limited insurance\ncoverage for their operations in China and may incur losses resulting from product liability claims, business interruption or natural\ndisasters.**\n\n \n\nOur PRC subsidiaries have limited insurance coverage\nfor their operations in China, and our PRC subsidiaries are therefore exposed to risks associated with product liability claims against\nour PRC subsidiaries or otherwise against their operations in the PRC in the event that the use of our PRC subsidiaries’ products\nresults in property damage or personal injury. Since our subsidiaries’ transmission products are ultimately incorporated into forklifts,\nit is possible that users of forklifts or people installing these products could be injured or killed, whether as a result of defects,\nimproper installation or other causes. We are unable to predict whether product liability claims will be brought against our PRC subsidiaries\nin the future or to predict the impact of any resulting adverse publicity on our PRC subsidiaries’ business. The successful assertion\nof product liability claims against our PRC subsidiaries could result in potentially significant monetary damages and require us to make\nsignificant payments. Our subsidiaries do not carry product liability insurance and may not have adequate resources to satisfy a judgment\nin the event of a successful claim against us. In addition, our subsidiaries do not currently, and may not in the future, maintain business\ninterruption insurance coverage. As such, our subsidiaries may suffer losses that result from interruptions in their operations as a result\nof inability to operate or failures of equipment and infrastructure at our subsidiaries’ facilities. Our subsidiaries also do not\ncurrently maintain catastrophe insurance. As such, any natural disaster or man-made disaster could result in substantial losses and diversion\nof our subsidiaries’ resources to address the effects of such an occurrence, which could materially and adversely affect our subsidiaries’\nbusiness and our financial condition and results of operations.\n\n \n\n21\n\n \n\n \n\n**Failure to make adequate contributions to\nvarious employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.**\n\n \n\nOur PRC subsidiaries are required under PRC laws\nto participate in various government sponsored employee benefit plans, including social security insurance, housing funds and other welfare-oriented\npayments, and contribute to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of their\nemployees up to a maximum amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where our PRC subsidiaries operate their\nbusinesses. Our PRC subsidiaries have not made adequate employee benefit payments to the social security insurance and the housing fund.\nAs a result, they may be required to make up the contributions for these plans within a stipulated period of time. In addition, our PRC\nsubsidiaries may be required to pay late fees equal to 0.05% of the shortage of the contributions to the social security fund for each\nday our PRC subsidiaries fail to make up the contributions and may be imposed fines up to three times of such shortage if our PRC subsidiaries\nfail to make up the difference within the time frame prescribed by relevant government authorities. The maximum amount of such penalties\nthat we anticipate could be imposed on our PRC subsidiaries with respect such employee benefits payments is approximately US$200,000.\nIf our PRC subsidiaries are subject to late fees or fines in relation to the underpaid employee benefits, our financial condition and\nresults of operations may be adversely affected. As of the date of this Report, our PRC subsidiaries have not been ordered to pay outstanding\ncontributions or related penalties.\n\n \n\n**If labor costs in the PRC increase substantially,\nour PRC subsidiaries’ business and our costs of operations may be adversely affected.**\n\n \n\nIn recent years, the Chinese economy has experienced\ninflation and labor cost increases. Average wages are projected to continue to increase. Further, under PRC law an employer is required\nto pay various statutory employee benefits, including pensions, housing funds, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance,\nunemployment insurance and maternity insurance to designated government agencies for the benefit of its employees. The relevant government\nagencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments to the statutory employee benefits, and those employers who fail to\nmake adequate payments may be subject to late payment fees, fines and/or other penalties. We expect that our labor costs, including wages\nand employee benefits, will continue to increase based on the past trends. If we are unable to control our labor costs or pass such increased\nlabor costs on to our subsidiaries’ customers, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.\n\n \n\n**We may not be able to effectively protect\nour intellectual property from unauthorized use by others.**\n\n \n\nThrough its subsidiaries, we hold patents, trademarks\nand other intellectual properties that are critical to our business in the PRC. Any of our intellectual property rights could be challenged,\ninvalidated, circumvented or misappropriated, or such intellectual property may not be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages.\nWe cannot assure you that (i) all of the intellectual property rights we owned will be adequately protected, or (ii) our intellectual\nproperty rights will not be challenged by third parties or found by a judicial authority to be invalid or unenforceable. Moreover, there\ncan be no assurance that we will obtain such trademarks and any other trademarks that are crucial to our business in the future. Thus,\nthird parties may also take the position that we are infringing their rights, and we may not be successful in defending these claims.\nAdditionally, we may not be able to enforce and defend its proprietary rights or prevent infringement or misappropriation, without incurring\nsubstantial expenses to us and a significant diversion of management time and attention from our business strategy.\n\n \n\nTo protect our parents, trademarks and other proprietary\nrights, we rely on and expect to continue to rely on a combination of physical and electronic security measures and trademark, patent\nand trade secret protection laws. If the measures we have taken to protect our proprietary rights are inadequate to prevent the use or\nmisappropriation by third parties or such rights are diminished due to successful challenges, the value of our brand and other intangible\nassets may be diminished and our ability to attract and retain customers may be adversely affected.\n\n \n\n22\n\n \n\n \n\n**Competition for our and our subsidiaries’\nemployees is intense, and we and our subsidiaries may not be able to attract and retain the highly skilled employees needed to support\nour subsidiaries’ business.**\n\n \n\nAs we continue to experience growth, our future\nsuccess depends on our and our subsidiaries’ ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees,\nincluding engineers, financial personnel and marketing professionals. Competition for highly skilled engineering, sales, technical and\nfinancial personnel is extremely intense. We and our subsidiaries may not be able to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels\nconsistent with our existing compensation and salary structure. Many of the companies with which we and our subsidiaries compete for experienced\nemployees have greater resources than we and our subsidiaries have and may be able to offer more attractive terms of employment.\n\n \n\nIn addition, we and our subsidiaries invest significant\ntime and expense in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who may seek to recruit them. If we and our subsidiaries\nfail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training their replacements, and the quality of our products\ncould decrease, resulting in a material adverse effect on our subsidiaries’ business.\n\n \n\n**Our business depends on the continued efforts\nof our senior management. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, our business\nmay be severely disrupted.**\n\n \n\nOur business operations depend on the continuing\nservices of our senior management. While we have provided different incentives to our management, we cannot assure you that we can continue\nto retain their services. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may\nnot be able to replace them easily or at all, our future growth may be constrained, business may be severely disrupted and our financial\ncondition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and\nretain qualified personnel. In addition, although we have entered into a non-competition agreement with Mr. Peter Zuguang Wang, the chairman\nof our board of directors, there is no assurance that Mr. Wang will not join our competitors or form a competing business. If any dispute\narises between us and Mr. Wang, we may incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce the non-competition agreement in China,\nand we may be unable to enforce it at all.\n\n \n\n**We do not maintain “key person”\ninsurance, and as a result, we may incur losses if any of our directors, executive officers, senior manager or other key employees chooses\nto terminate his or her services with us.**\n\n \n\nWe do not maintain “key person” insurance\nfor our directors, executive officers, senior management or other key employees. If any of our key employees terminate his or her services\nor otherwise becomes unable to provide continuous services to us, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially\nand adversely affected and we may incur additional expenses to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel. If any of our executive\nofficers or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose customers, operational know-how and key professionals\nand staff members.\n\n \n\n**Geopolitical conflicts involving Iran, military\nactions in the Middle East, and the war in Ukraine may adversely affect economic conditions in the U.S., China and globally, and cause\nsignificant volatility in the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares.**\n\n \n\nU.S. and global markets are experiencing volatility\nand disruption as a result of the outbreak or escalation of wars including Russia’s launch of a full-scale military invasion of\nUkraine, conflicts between Israel and Hamas. Although the length and impact of these ongoing conflicts are highly unpredictable, these\nconflicts have led to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit, and capital markets. In addition,\nas a result of the ongoing conflicts around the world, we may experience other risks, difficulties and challenges in the way we conduct\nour business and operations generally. For example, the conflict could adversely affect supply chains and impact our ability to control\nraw material costs. A protracted conflict between Ukraine and Russia or between Israel and Hamas, any escalation of either conflict,\nand the wider global economy and market conditions could, in turn, have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition,\ncash flows and results of operations and could cause the market value of our Class A ordinary shares to decline.\n\n \n\n23\n\n \n\n \n\nThe heightened military conflict involving the\nUnited States, Israel, and Iran, which escalated significantly in February 2026, has led to profound instability in global financial and\nenergy markets. These events, including the closure of strategic airspaces and critical maritime routes such as the Strait of Hormuz and\nthe Red Sea, have contributed to a dramatic increase in the price of oil and gas and created widespread market uncertainty. China is particularly\nexposed to these developments, as it is the largest purchaser of Iranian crude oil, having absorbed nearly 90% of Iran’s total crude\nexports as of early 2026. Any sustained disruption to Iranian oil exports, whether resulting from military action, the imposition of additional\nsanctions, or the closure of key maritime transit routes, could materially reduce the supply of crude oil available to China, drive up\ndomestic energy costs, and exert significant downward pressure on China’s broader economy. The ongoing disruptions caused by these\nmilitary actions, and the potential for further escalation, could result in protracted and severe damage to the global economy and investment\nclimate, with disproportionate consequences for China-based businesses such as us.\n\n \n\nFurthermore, the continuing war in Ukraine and\nthe resulting sanctions levied by the United States, the European Union, and other nations against Russia continue to impact global financial\nmarkets. The extent and duration of these military actions in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, as well as the resulting sanctions and\nmarket disruptions, are impossible to predict but are expected to remain substantial. The cumulative effect of these geopolitical pressures,\nincluding elevated global energy prices, supply chain disruptions, and reduced international trade flows, may weigh materially on China’s\neconomic growth, consumer spending, and business investment, each of which is relevant to our ability to sustain and grow our business\noperations China.\n\n \n\nSuch geopolitical instability often leads to broad\nsell-offs in the equity markets and heightened investor sensitivity to risk. To the extent that disruptions to Iranian oil exports or\nother geopolitical developments adversely affect China’s energy supply, increase domestic production costs, or dampen consumer confidence\nand economic activity within China, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.\nConsequently, these developments may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Class A ordinary shares, regardless\nof our actual operating performance. We cannot predict the ultimate progress or outcome of these situations, and any prolonged unrest\nor intensified military activities could have a material adverse effect on the global economy and, in particular, on economic conditions\nin China, which in turn could negatively impact our financial condition and the value of our securities.\n\n** **\n\n**High inflation rates may adversely affect\nus by increasing costs beyond what we can recover through price increases and limit our ability to enter into future traditional debt\nfinancing.**\n\n \n\nInflation can adversely affect us by increasing\ncosts of critical materials, equipment, labor, and other services. In addition, inflation is often accompanied by higher interest rates.\nContinued inflationary pressures could impact our profitability. Inflation may also affect our ability to enter into future traditional\ndebt financing, as high inflation may result in an increase in cost.\n\n \n\n**The outcome of litigation, inquiries, investigations,\nexaminations, or other legal proceedings in which we are involved, in which we may become involved, or in which our clients or competitors\nare involved could distract management, increase our expenses, or subject us to significant monetary damages or restrictions on our ability\nto do business.**\n\n \n\nFrom time to time, we are subject to litigations\nor legal proceedings in connection with our business operations. The scope and outcome of these proceedings is often difficult to assess\nor quantify. Plaintiffs in lawsuits may seek recovery of large amounts, and the cost to defend such litigation may be significant.\n\n \n\nAny negative outcomes from above material litigation\nor any other regulatory actions or litigation or claims, including monetary penalties or damages or injunctive provisions regulating or\nrestricting how we conduct our business could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations\nand reputation. Regardless of whether any current or future claims in which we are involved have merit, or whether we are ultimately held\nliable or subject to payment of penalties, such investigations and claims have been and may continue to be expensive to defend, may divert\nmanagement’s time away from our operations and may result in changes to our business practices that adversely affect our results\nof operations.\n\n \n\n24\n\n \n\n \n\n**Risks Related to Doing Business in China**\n\n \n\n**Changes in China’s economic, political\nor social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations.**\n\n \n\nA substantial majority of our assets and operations\nare located in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be influenced to a significant\ndegree by political, economic and social conditions in China generally. The PRC economy differs from the economies of most developed countries\nin many respects, including with regard to the level of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign\nexchange and allocation of resources. Although the PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces\nfor economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in\nbusiness enterprises, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. In addition, the PRC government\ncontinues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies.\n\n \n\nThe PRC government also exercises significant\ncontrol over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations,\nsetting monetary policy, and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.\n\n \n\nWhile the PRC economy has experienced significant\ngrowth over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth\nhas been slowing since 2012. Any adverse changes in economic conditions in China, in the policies of the PRC government or in the laws\nand regulations in China could have a material adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China. Such developments could adversely\naffect our business and operating results, lead to reduction in demand for our subsidiaries’ products and adversely affect our subsidiaries’\ncompetitive position. The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources.\nSome of these measures may benefit the overall PRC economy, but may have a negative effect on us and our subsidiaries. For example, our\nfinancial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax\nregulations. In addition, in the past the PRC government has implemented certain measures, including interest rate adjustment, to control\nthe pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity in China, which may adversely affect our business and\noperating results.\n\n \n\n**Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal\nsystem could adversely affect us and our PRC subsidiaries.**\n\n \n\nThe PRC legal system is a civil law system based\non written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under the civil law system may be cited for reference but have\nlimited precedential value. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve,\nthe interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and the enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules\ninvolves uncertainties.\n\n \n\nIn addition, we and our PRC subsidiaries are subject\nto risks and uncertainties of the interpretations and applications of PRC laws and regulations, including, but not limited to, limitations\non foreign ownership in the industry our PRC subsidiaries operate. We and our PRC subsidiaries are also subject to the risks and uncertainties\nabout any future actions of the PRC government. If any future actions of the PRC government result in a material change in our operations,\nand the value of our Class A ordinary shares may depreciate significantly or become worthless.\n\n \n\n25\n\n \n\n \n\n**The PRC government exerts substantial influence\nover the manner in which our PRC subsidiaries must conduct their business activities. If the Chinese government significantly regulates\nthe business operations of our PRC subsidiaries in the future and our PRC subsidiaries are not able to substantially comply with such\nregulations, the business operations of our PRC subsidiaries may be materially and adversely affected and the value of our Class A ordinary\nshares may significantly decrease.**\n\n \n\nThe PRC government has exercised, and continues\nto exercise, substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership, including\nsteel sector where our PRC subsidiaries have been doing their business. Any government decisions or actions to change the way steel production\nis regulated, or any decisions the government might make to cut spending, could adversely impact our PRC subsidiaries’ business\nand our results of operations. In addition, the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to operate in China may be harmed by changes in PRC laws\nand regulations, including those relating to taxation, environmental conditions, land use rights, property and other matters. The central\nor local governments of these jurisdictions may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations that would\nrequire additional expenditures and efforts on our part to ensure our compliance with such regulations or interpretations. Accordingly,\ngovernment actions in the future, including regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant\neffect on economic conditions in China or particular regions thereof, and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then\nhold in Chinese properties.\n\n \n\nWe believe that our PRC subsidiaries’ operations\nin China are in material compliance with all applicable legal and regulatory requirements. However, the central or local governments of\nthe jurisdictions in which our PRC subsidiaries operate may impose new, stricter regulations or interpretations of existing regulations\nwith little advance notice that would require additional expenditures and efforts on their part to ensure our subsidiaries’ compliance\nwith such regulations or interpretations.\n\n \n\nOur PRC subsidiaries may incur increased costs\nnecessary to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. In the event that our\nPRC subsidiaries are not able to substantially comply with any existing or newly adopted laws and regulations, our business operations\nmay be materially adversely affected and the value of our Class A ordinary shares may significantly decrease.\n\n \n\nFurthermore, the PRC government authorities may\nstrengthen oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers like us.\nSuch actions taken by the PRC government authorities may intervene or influence the operations of our PRC subsidiaries at any time, which\nmay be beyond our control. Therefore, any such action may adversely affect the operations of our PRC subsidiaries and substantially limit\nor hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to you and significantly reduce the value of such securities or cause the\nvalue of such securities to be completely worthless.\n\n \n\n**We are required under PRC laws to submit\nfilings to CSRC for our future offerings. However, we believe that we and our PRC subsidiaries are not currently required to obtain the\napproval and/or comply with other requirements of the CSRC, the CAC, or other PRC governmental authorities under PRC rules, regulations\nor policies in connection with our continued listing on Nasdaq. In the event that any such approval is required or that there are other\nrequirements we and/or our PRC subsidiaries are obligated to comply with, we cannot predict whether or how soon we and/or our PRC subsidiaries\nwill be able to obtain such approvals and/or comply with such requirements.**\n\n \n\nThe PRC government authorities may strengthen\nfuture oversight over offerings that are conducted overseas. For instance, on July 6, 2021, the relevant PRC governmental authorities\npromulgated the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities, which emphasized the need to strengthen the PRC government’s\nsupervision over overseas listings by PRC companies. Pursuant to the Opinions, effective measures, such as promoting the construction\nof relevant regulatory systems, are to be taken to deal with the risks of China-based overseas-listed companies, cybersecurity and data\nprivacy protection requirements and similar matters. The Cybersecurity Review Measures (Decree No. 8 of the Cybersecurity Administration\nof the PRC), or the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures, enacted on December 28, 2021 and came into effect on February 15, 2022, also\nrequire online platform operators holding over one million users’ personal information to apply for a cybersecurity review before\nany public offering on a foreign stock exchange. These statements and regulations are recently issued, and there remain substantial uncertainties\nabout their interpretation and implementation. See also “—Our PRC subsidiaries may be liable for improper use or appropriation\nof personal information provided by their customers and any failure to comply with PRC laws and regulations over data security could result\nin materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and our continued listing on Nasdaq.”\n\n \n\n26\n\n \n\n \n\nOn February 17, 2023, the CSRC published the Regulations\nof Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”)\nand its accompanying guidelines and instructions, which came into effect on March 31, 2023, and will apply if a domestic enterprise issues\nshares, depositary receipts, corporate bonds convertible into shares, or other securities of an equity nature outside of the PRC, or lists\nits securities for trading outside of the PRC. According to such regulations, a domestic enterprise that issues and lists its securities\noutside of the PRC shall comply with the filing procedures and report the relevant information to the CSRC. A domestic enterprise shall\nnot be listed on an overseas stock exchange if any of the following circumstances exists: (i) where such securities offering and listing\nis explicitly prohibited by provisions in laws, administrative regulations and relevant state rules; (ii) where the intended securities\noffering and listing may endanger national security as reviewed and determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance\nwith law; (iii) where the domestic company intending to make the securities offering and listing, or its controlling shareholders and\nthe actual controller, have committed crimes such as corruption, bribery, embezzlement, misappropriation of property or undermining the\norder of the socialist market economy during the latest three years; (iv) where the domestic company intending to make the securities\noffering and listing is suspected of committing crimes or major violations of laws and regulations, and is under investigation according\nto law, and no conclusion has yet been made thereof; (v) where there are material ownership disputes over equity held by the domestic\ncompany’s controlling shareholder or by other shareholders that are controlled by the controlling shareholder and/or actual controller.\nThe Trial Measures changes the management of licensing to record management, strengthen the supervision in the aftermath, create a more\ntransparent and predictable institutional environment, and support the standardized development of enterprises using the overseas capital\nmarket.\n\n \n\nAccording to the Notice on Filing Management Arrangements\nfor Overseas Listings of Domestic Enterprises issued and implemented by the CSRC on February 17, 2023, since the date of effectiveness\nof the Trial Measures, the domestic enterprises falling within the scope of filing that have been listed overseas or met the following\ncircumstances are existing enterprises: Before the effectiveness of the Trial Measures, the application for indirect overseas issuance\nand listing has been agreed by the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges (such as having passed the hearing on the Hong Kong\nmarket or registration become effective as agreed on the U.S. market, etc.), and it is not required to perform issuance and listing supervision\nprocedures of the overseas regulators or overseas stock exchanges (such as rehearing on the Hong Kong market, etc.), and the overseas\nissuance and listing shall have been completed by September 30, 2023. According to the above regulations, the Company is an existing\nenterprise, which do not be required to file immediately, and filing should be made as required if they involve refinancing and other\nfiling matters.\n\n \n\nAs of the date of this Quarterly Report, we believe\nwe and our PRC subsidiaries are not required to obtain any permission from PRC authorities (including the CSRC and the CAC) to operate\nour PRC subsidiaries’ business as presently conducted or continue being listed on Nasdaq. Therefore, as of the date of this Quarterly\nReport, we and our PRC subsidiaries have not applied for any permission or approval from any PRC governmental authority in connection\nwith our offshore listing and, as such, no such permission or approval has been granted or denied. However, if it fails to comply with\nthe Trial Measures during future issuance of securities or listing on other stock exchanges outside of China, we may be subjected sanctions\nimposed by the PRC regulatory authorities, and our reputation, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely\naffected.\n\n \n\n**To the extent cash\nin the business is in the mainland China/Hong Kong or a mainland China/Hong Kong entity, the funds may not be available to fund operations\nor for other use outside of the mainland China/Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on\nthe ability of our Company or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash.**\n\n \n\nRelevant mainland PRC\nlaws and regulations permit companies in mainland China to pay dividends only out of their respective retained earnings, if any, as determined\nin accordance with mainland China accounting standards and regulations. Additionally, each of the companies in mainland China are required\nto set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50%\nof its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. Furthermore, in order for us to pay dividends to our\nshareholders, we may rely on payments made from our mainland PRC subsidiaries to their respective shareholders and then to our Company.\nIf these entities incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends\nor make other payments to us.\n\n** **\n\n27\n\n \n\n** **\n\nOur cash dividends, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.\nIf we are considered a tax resident enterprise of mainland China for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders may\nbe regarded as mainland China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to mainland PRC withholding tax. See “— Risks\nRelated to Doing Business in China — Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we may be classified as a ‘Resident Enterprise’\nof China. Such classification will likely result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.” The PRC government\nalso imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out\nof mainland China. Shortages in foreign currencies may restrict our ability to pay dividends or other payments, or otherwise satisfy our\nforeign currency denominated obligations, if any. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items,\nincluding profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies\nwithout prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange as long as certain procedural requirements are met. Approval\nfrom appropriate government authorities is required if Renminbi is converted into foreign currency and remitted out of mainland China\nto pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may, at its discretion, impose\nrestrictions on access to foreign currencies for current account transactions and if this occurs in the future, we may not be able to\npay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders.\n\n \n\nAs of the date of this\nQuarterly Report, there are no restrictions or limitations imposed by the Hong Kong government on the transfer of capital within,\ninto, and out of Hong Kong (including funds from Hong Kong to mainland China), except for the transfer of funds involving money\nlaundering and criminal activities. However, there is no guarantee that the Hong Kong government will not promulgate new laws or\nregulations that may impose such restrictions in the future. If there is a significant change to current political arrangements between\nmainland China and Hong Kong, or the applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change, our Hong Kong subsidiary may become\nsubject to PRC laws or authorities. As a result, our Hong Kong subsidiary could be subject to similar government controls on the\nconvertibility of foreign currency and the remittance of currency out of Hong Kong as described above.\n\n \n\nAs a result of the above, to the extent cash in\nthe business is in the mainland China/Hong Kong or a mainland China/Hong Kong entity, such funds or assets may not be available to fund\noperations or for other use outside of the mainland China/Hong Kong, due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations\non the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the competent government to the transfer of cash. \n\n \n\n**Our PRC subsidiaries may be liable for improper\nuse or appropriation of personal information provided by their customers and any failure to comply with PRC laws and regulations over\ndata security could result in materially adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and our continued listing on Nasdaq.**\n\n \n\nOur PRC subsidiaries’ business involves\ncollecting and retaining certain internal and customer data. Our PRC subsidiaries also maintain information about various aspects of their\noperations. The integrity and protection of customer and company data is critical to our business. Our subsidiaries’ customers expect\nthat our subsidiaries will adequately protect their personal information. Our PRC subsidiaries are required by applicable laws to keep\nstrictly confidential the personal information that they collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information.\n\n \n\nThe PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment\n7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees\nfrom selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained in performing duties or providing services\nor obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s\nCongress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017. Pursuant to the Cyber\nSecurity Law, network operators must not, without users’ consent, collect their personal information, and may only collect users’\npersonal information necessary to provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products\nand services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and\nregulations.\n\n \n\n28\n\n \n\n \n\nThe Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National\nPeople’s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides the legal basis for privacy and personal information\ninfringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. PRC regulators, including the CAC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,\nand the Ministry of Public Security, have been increasingly focused on regulation in data security and data protection.\n\n \n\nThe PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity\nare evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the CAC, the Ministry of Public Security and the State Administration\nfor Market Regulation, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations.\nIn April 2020, the Chinese government promulgated Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to\nthe Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network\nproducts and services which do or may affect national security.\n\n \n\nIn December 2021, the CAC and other related authorities\npromulgated the revised Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on February 15, 2022. The revised Cybersecurity Review Measures\npropose the following key changes:\n\n \n\n●online\nplatform operators who are engaged in data processing are also subject to the regulatory scope;\n\n \n\n●the\nCSRC is included as one of the regulatory authorities for purposes of jointly establishing the state cybersecurity review working mechanism;\n\n \n\n●the\nonline platform operators holding more than one million users’ individual information and seeking a listing outside China shall\nfile for cybersecurity review with the Cybersecurity Review Office; and\n\n \n\n●the\nrisks of core data, material data or large amounts of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, damaged, illegally used or\ntransmitted to overseas parties and the risks of critical information infrastructure, core data, material data or large amounts of personal\ninformation being influenced, controlled or used maliciously shall be collectively taken into consideration during the cybersecurity\nreview process.\n\n \n\nCertain internet platforms in China have reportedly\nbecome subject to heightened regulatory scrutiny in relation to cybersecurity matters. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we have\nnot been included within the definition of “operator of critical information infrastructure” by a competent authority, nor\nhave we been informed by any PRC governmental authority of any requirement that we file for a cybersecurity review. However, if we are\ndeemed to be a critical information infrastructure operator or an online platform operator that is engaged in data processing and holds\npersonal information of more than one million users, we could be subject to PRC cybersecurity review in the future.\n\n \n\nAs there remains significant uncertainty in the\ninterpretation and enforcement of relevant PRC cybersecurity laws and regulations, we could be subject to cybersecurity review. In addition,\nwe could become subject to enhanced cybersecurity review or investigations launched by PRC regulators in the future. Any failure or delay\nin the completion of the cybersecurity review procedures or any other non-compliance with the related laws and regulations may result\nin fines or other penalties, including suspension of business, website closure and revocation of prerequisite licenses, as well as reputational\ndamage or legal proceedings or actions against us and/or our PRC subsidiaries, which may have material adverse effect on our business,\nfinancial condition or results of operations. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we and our PRC subsidiaries have not been involved\nin any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by the CAC or related governmental regulatory authorities, and we and our PRC\nsubsidiaries have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, or sanction in such respect.\n\n \n\n29\n\n \n\n \n\nOn June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the\nNational People’s Congress of China promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which took effect in September 2021. The PRC Data Security\nLaw imposes data security and privacy obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities, and introduces a data classification\nand hierarchical protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development, and the degree of harm it will\ncause to national security, public interests, or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations when such data is tampered\nwith, destroyed, leaked, illegally acquired or used. The PRC Data Security Law also provides for a national security review procedure\nfor data activities that may affect national security and imposes export restrictions on certain data and information.\n\n \n\nAs of the date of this Quarterly Report, we do\nnot expect that the current PRC laws on cybersecurity or data security would have a material adverse impact on our business operations.\nHowever, as the scope of the PRC Data Security Law is broad and includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, availability\nand disclosure of data, among others, and uncertainties remain regarding the interpretation and implementation of these laws and regulations,\nwe cannot assure you that we and our PRC subsidiaries will comply with such regulations in all respects and we and/or our PRC subsidiaries\nmay be ordered to rectify or terminate any actions that are deemed illegal by regulatory authorities. Any directly liable person within\nour Company for violations or alleged violations of the PRC Data Security Law may become subject to fines. We and/or our PRC subsidiaries\nmay also become subject to fines and/or other sanctions that may have material adverse effect on our business, operations and financial\ncondition.\n\n \n\nOn September 24, 2024, the CAC released the Administrative\nRegulations on the Network Data Security, or the Data Security Regulations, which became effective on January 1, 2025. The Data Security\nRegulations may apply to the use of networks to carry out data processing activities and the supervision and administration of network\ndata security within the territory of the PRC and apply to activities outside the territory of the PRC to process personal information\nof any natural persons within the territory of the PRC under any of the following circumstances: (i) for the purpose of providing products\nor services to domestic natural persons; (ii) analyze and evaluate the behavior of domestic natural persons; and (iii) other circumstances\nstipulated by laws and administrative regulations. The Data Security Regulations further stipulate that where it is indeed necessary to\ntransfer “important data” collected and generated by a network data processor during its operation within the territory of\nthe PRC to overseas parties, it shall pass the security assessment for cross-border data transfer organized by the CAC. Network data processors\nshould identify and declare “important data” in accordance with the relevant provisions, but they are not required to conduct\nsecurity assessment for outbound data transfer for data that has not been notified or published as “important data” by relevant\ndepartments or regions. In addition, the Data Security Regulations provides that data processors that process “important data”\nmust conduct an annual data security assessment with regard to the data process activities, and submit the assessment report to relevant\ncompetent authorities at or above the provincial level. Since the Data Security Regulations is newly promulgated, there remains uncertainty\nas to how it will be implemented and interpreted by the competent authorities and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC,\nwill adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to security assessment. We cannot predict\nthe impact of the Data Security Regulations on us, if any, at this stage, and we will closely monitor and assess any development in the\nimplementation and interpretation of the Data Security Regulations. Even though we do not believe our business activities fall under the\nscope of Data Security Regulations, in the event that a competent PRC governmental authority concludes otherwise, we face uncertainties\nas to whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all.\n\n \n\n**A severe or prolonged downturn in the PRC\nor global economy could materially and adversely affect our business and our financial condition.**\n\n \n\nThe global macroeconomic environment is facing\nchallenges. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the expansionary monetary and fiscal policies adopted\nby the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China.\nGeopolitical conflicts involving Iran, current military actions in the Middle East, as well as the conflicts involving Ukraine, Syria,\nRussia and North Korea may result in volatility and disruptions to the economy in the U.S., China, and globally. In particular, the ongoing\nconflict involving Iran poses significant risks to regional and global economic stability. Iran is a major producer of crude oil, and\nany escalation of conflicts in Iran, including potential disruptions to oil production, export infrastructure, or transit routes through\nthe Strait of Hormuz, have resulted in and could continue to result in significant increases in global crude oil prices. Elevated energy\ncosts could, in turn, contribute to inflationary pressures, increased production and transportation costs, reduced consumer spending,\nand a broader economic slowdown across major economies, including China and the United States. Such developments could materially and\nadversely affect the demand for our products, increase our operating costs, and negatively impact our results of operations and financial\ncondition. See also “— Risks Related to our Business and Industry — Geopolitical conflicts involving Iran, military\nactions in the Middle East, and the war in Ukraine may adversely affect economic conditions in the U.S., China and globally, and cause\nsignificant volatility in the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares.” There have also been concerns on the relationship among\nChina and other Asian countries, which may result in, or intensify potential conflicts in relation to, territorial disputes, and the trade\ndisputes between China and other countries. It is unclear whether these challenges and uncertainties will be contained or resolved, and\nwhat effects they may have on the global political and economic conditions in the long term.\n\n \n\n30\n\n \n\n \n\nEconomic conditions in China are sensitive to\nglobal economic conditions, changes in domestic economic and political policies and the expected or perceived overall economic growth\nrate in China. While the economy in China has grown significantly over the past decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and\namong various sectors of the economy, and the rate of growth has been slowing in recent years. Although growth of China’s economy\nremained relatively stable, there is a possibility that China’s economic growth may materially decline in the near future. Any severe\nor prolonged slowdown in the global or PRC economy may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial\ncondition.\n\n \n\n**You may have difficulty enforcing judgments\nagainst us.**\n\n \n\nA significant portion of our assets are located,\nand a substantial amount of our subsidiaries’ operations are conducted, in the PRC. In addition, some of our directors and officers\nare nationals or residents of the PRC, including our acting chief financial officer, Ms. Chenyang Wang, and independent directors, Mr.\nMing Zhao and Mr. Zheng He, and a substantial majority of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult\nto effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of\nthe PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts because China does not have any treaties or other arrangements that provide\nfor the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments with the United States. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures\nLaw, courts in the PRC will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates\nbasic principles of PRC law or national sovereignty, security, or the public interest.\n\n \n\n**Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law,\nwe may be classified as a “Resident Enterprise” of China. Any classification as such will likely result in unfavorable tax\nconsequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders.**\n\n \n\nUnder the PRC EIT Law, an enterprise established\noutside of China with “de facto management bodies” within China is considered a “resident enterprise,” meaning\nthat it can be subject to an enterprise income tax, or EIT, rate of 25.0% on its global income. In April 2009, the SAT promulgated a circular,\nknown as Circular 82, and partially amended by Circular 9 promulgated in January 2014, to clarify the certain criteria for the determination\nof the “de facto management bodies” for foreign enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups. Under\nCircular 82, a foreign enterprise is considered a PRC resident enterprise if all of the following apply: (1) the senior management and\ncore management departments in charge of daily operations are located mainly within China; (2) decisions relating to the enterprise’s\nfinancial and human resource matters are made or subject to approval by organizations or personnel in China; (3) the enterprise’s\nprimary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholders’ meeting minutes are located or maintained\nin China; and (4) 50.0% or more of voting board members or senior executives of the enterprise habitually reside in China. Further to\nCircular 82, the SAT issued a bulletin, known as Bulletin 45, effective in September 2011 and amended on June 1, 2015 and October 1, 2016,\nto provide more guidance on the implementation of Circular 82 and clarify the reporting and filing obligations of such “Chinese\ncontrolled offshore incorporated resident enterprises.” Bulletin 45 provides for, among other matters, procedures for the determination\nof resident status and administration of post-determination matters. Although Circular 82 and Bulletin 45 explicitly provide that the\nabove standards apply to enterprises that are registered outside China and controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, Circular\n82 may reflect the SAT’s criteria for determining the tax residence of foreign enterprises in general.\n\n \n\nIf the PRC tax authorities determine that we are\na “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow.\nFirst, we may be subject to the enterprise income tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide taxable income as well as PRC enterprise income\ntax reporting obligations. In our case, this would mean that income such as non-China source income would be subject to PRC enterprise\nincome tax at a rate of 25%. Second, under the PRC EIT Law, dividends paid to us from our PRC subsidiaries would be deemed as “qualified\ninvestment income between resident enterprises” and therefore qualify as “tax-exempt income” pursuant to the clause\n26 of the PRC EIT Law. Finally, it is possible that future guidance issued with respect to the new “resident enterprise” classification\ncould result in a situation in which the dividends we pay with respect to our Class A ordinary shares, or the gain our non-PRC shareholders\nmay realize from the transfer of our Class A ordinary shares, may be treated as PRC-sourced income and may therefore be subject to a 10%\nPRC withholding tax. The PRC EIT Law is, however, relatively new and ambiguities exist with respect to the interpretation and identification\nof PRC-sourced income, and the application and assessment of withholding taxes. If we are required under the PRC EIT Law to withhold PRC\nincome tax on dividends payable to our non-PRC shareholders, should there be a determination in the future to pay dividends, or if non-PRC\nshareholders are required to pay PRC income tax on gains on the transfer of their Class A ordinary shares, our business could be negatively\nimpacted and the value of your investment may be materially reduced. Further, if we were treated as a “resident enterprise”\nby PRC tax authorities, we would be subject to taxation in both China and such countries in which we have taxable income, and our PRC\ntax may not be creditable against such other taxes.\n\n  \n\n31\n\n \n\n \n\n**PRC regulation of loans to, and direct investments\nin, PRC entities by offshore holding companies may delay or prevent us from using proceeds from our future financing activities to make\nloans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries.**\n\n \n\nAs an offshore holding company with PRC subsidiaries,\nwe may transfer funds to our PRC subsidiaries or finance our PRC entities by means of loans or capital contributions. Any capital contributions\nor loans that we, as an offshore entity, make to our PRC subsidiaries, are subject to PRC regulations. Any loans to our PRC subsidiaries,\nwhich are foreign-invested enterprises, cannot exceed statutory limits based on the difference between the amount of our investments and\nregistered capital in such subsidiaries, and shall be registered with State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, or its local\ncounterparts. Furthermore, any capital increase contributions we make to our PRC subsidiaries, which are foreign-invested enterprises,\nare subject to the requirement of making necessary reports in Foreign Investment Comprehensive Management Information System, and registration\nwith other government authorities in China. We may not be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals on a timely basis,\nif at all. If we fail to obtain such approvals or make such registration, our ability to make equity contributions or provide loans to\nour PRC subsidiaries or to fund their operations may be negatively affected, which may adversely affect their liquidity and ability to\nfund their working capital and expansion projects and meet their obligations and commitments. As a result, our liquidity and our ability\nto fund and expand our business may be negatively affected.\n\n \n\n**We may rely on dividends paid by our subsidiaries\nfor our cash needs, and any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect\non our ability to conduct business.**\n\n \n\nAs a holding company, we conduct a substantial\namount of our business through our subsidiaries in China. We may rely on dividends paid by these PRC subsidiaries for our cash needs,\nincluding the funds necessary to pay any dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders, to service any debt we may incur\nand to pay our operating expenses. The payment of dividends by entities established in China is subject to limitations. Regulations in\nChina currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and\nregulations in China. In accordance with the Article 210, 214 of the Company Law of the PRC (Revised in 2023), each of our PRC subsidiaries\nis required to allocate 10% of their profits to their statutory common reserve when they distribute their after-tax profits for the current\nyear. A company shall no longer be required to make allocations to their statutory common reserve once the aggregate amount of such reserve\nexceeds 50% of their registered capital. The statutory common reserve fund of a company may only be used to cover the losses of the company,\nexpand the business and production of the company or be converted into additional capital. As a result, our PRC subsidiaries are restricted\nin their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to us in the form of dividends. In addition, if any of our PRC subsidiaries\nincurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict such subsidiary’s ability to pay dividends\nor make other distributions to us. Any limitations on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to transfer funds to us could materially and\nadversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends and otherwise\nfund and conduct our business.\n\n  \n\n**You may be subject to PRC income tax on\ndividends from us or on any gain realized on the transfer of our Class A ordinary shares.**\n\n \n\nUnder the PRC EIT Law, subject to any applicable\ntax treaty or similar arrangement between the PRC and your jurisdiction of residence that provides for a different income tax arrangement,\nPRC withholding tax at the rate of 10.0% is normally applicable to dividends from PRC sources payable to investors that are non-PRC resident\nenterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in China, or which have such establishment or place of business if\nthe relevant income is not effectively connected with the establishment or place of business. Any gain realized on the transfer of shares\nby such investors is subject to 10.0% PRC income tax if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within China unless a treaty\nor similar arrangement otherwise provides. Under the Individual Income Tax Law of the PRC and its implementation rules, dividends from\nsources within China paid to foreign individual investors who are not PRC residents are generally subject to a PRC withholding tax at\na rate of 20% and gains from PRC sources realized by such investors on the transfer of shares are generally subject to 20% PRC income\ntax, in each case, subject to any reduction or exemption set forth in applicable tax treaties and PRC laws.\n\n \n\n32\n\n \n\n \n\nThere is a risk that we will be treated by the\nPRC tax authorities as a PRC tax resident enterprise. In that case, any dividends we pay to our shareholders may be regarded as income\nderived from sources within China and we may be required to withhold a 10.0% PRC withholding tax for the dividends we pay to our investors\nwho are non-PRC corporate shareholders, or a 20.0% withholding tax for the dividends we pay to our investors who are non-PRC individual\nshareholders, including the holders of our Shares. In addition, our non-PRC shareholders may be subject to PRC tax on gains realized on\nthe sale or other disposition of our Class A ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within China. It is unclear whether\nour non-PRC shareholders would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their tax residence and China in the event that\nwe are considered as a PRC resident enterprise. If PRC income tax is imposed on gains realized through the transfer of our Class A ordinary\nshares or on dividends paid to our non-resident investors, should there be a determination in the future to pay dividends, the value of\nyour investment in our Class A ordinary shares may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, our shareholders whose jurisdictions\nof residence have tax treaties or arrangements with China may not qualify for benefits under such tax treaties or arrangements.\n\n \n\n**Fluctuations in exchange rates could have\na material adverse impact on our results of operations and the value of your investment.**\n\n \n\nThe conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies,\nincluding U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar,\nat times significantly and unpredictably. The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is\naffected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions in China and by China’s foreign exchange policies,\namong other things. We cannot assure you that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar\nin the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between the\nRenminbi and the U.S. dollar in the future.\n\n \n\nSignificant fluctuation of the Renminbi may have\na material adverse effect on your investment. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for our operations,\nappreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion.\nConversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our Class A ordinary\nshares or for other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar\namount available to us.\n\n \n\nVery limited hedging options are available in\nChina to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, we have not entered into any material\nhedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging\ntransactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge\nour exposure or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our\nability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.\n\n \n\n**Governmental control of currency conversion\nmay limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively and affect the value of your investment.**\n\n \n\nThe PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility\nof the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive a significant portion\nof our revenues in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our British Virgin Islands holding company may rely on dividend payments\nfrom our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments\nof current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions,\ncan be made in foreign currencies without prior approval of SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. Specifically, under\nthe existing exchange restrictions, without prior approval of SAFE, cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries in China\nmay be used to pay dividends to our Company. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required\nwhere Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans\ndenominated in foreign currencies. As a result, we need to obtain SAFE approval to use cash generated from the operations of our PRC subsidiaries\nto pay off their respective debt in a currency other than Renminbi owed to entities outside China, or to make other capital expenditure\npayments outside China in a currency other than Renminbi. If such approval is withheld or the PRC government imposes other restrictions\non the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies, we may not be able to utilize our revenues effectively, and as a result, our\nbusiness and results of operations may be materially adversely affected, and the value of our Class A ordinary shares may decrease.\n\n \n\n33\n\n \n\n \n\n**U.S. regulatory bodies may be limited in\ntheir ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our operations in China.**\n\n \n\nThe SEC, the U.S. Department of Justice and other\nU.S. authorities may also have difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against us or our directors or executive officers in the\nPRC. The SEC has stated that there are significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for investigations or litigation\nin China. China has recently adopted a revised securities law that became effective on March 1, 2020, Article 177 of which provides, among\nother things, that no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct an investigation or evidence collection activities\nwithin the territory of the PRC. Accordingly, without governmental approval in China, no entity or individual in China may provide documents\nand information relating to securities business activities to overseas regulators when it is under direct investigation or evidence discovery\nconducted by overseas regulators, which could present significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for investigations\nand litigation conducted outside of China.\n\n \n\n**Our Class A ordinary shares may be delisted\nand prohibited from being traded under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors. The\ndelisting and the cessation of trading of our Class A ordinary shares, or the threat of their being delisted and prohibited from being\ntraded, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. Additionally, any inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections\ndeprives our investors with the benefits of such inspections.**\n\n \n\nPursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable\nAct, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act 2023, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered\npublic accounting firm that has not been subject to inspections by the PCAOB for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our Class\nA ordinary shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States.\n\n \n\nOur auditor, Enrome LLP, as an auditor of companies\nthat are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to\nwhich the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards and was not identified\nin PCAOB’s determination report as a firm subject to the PCAOB’s determination. Enrome LLP is headquartered in Singapore and\nsubject to inspect by the PCAOB.\n\n \n\nIf the PCAOB determines in the future that it\nno longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting\nfirm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the SEC, we would be\nidentified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 10-K for the relevant fiscal year. In accordance\nwith the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, our securities would be prohibited from being traded on a national securities exchange\nor in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two consecutive\nyears in the future. A prohibition of being able to trade in the United States would substantially impair or completely hinder your ability\nto sell or purchase our Class A ordinary shares when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have\na negative impact on the price of our Class A ordinary shares or render them worthless. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect\nour ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial\ncondition, and prospects.\n\n \n\nAdditionally, we cannot assure you whether the\nnational securities exchange we are listed on or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after\nconsidering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training,\nor sufficiency of resources, geographic reach, or experience as it relates to our audit.\n\n \n\n34\n\n \n\n \n\n**Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares**\n\n \n\n**Nasdaq has recently adopted and proposed\nnew listing rules that could result in the accelerated delisting of our Class A ordinary shares.**\n\n \n\nNasdaq has recently adopted and proposed several\nnew continued listing requirements that could subject our Class A ordinary shares to accelerated suspension and delisting proceedings,\nwith limited or no opportunity to cure noncompliance.\n\n* *\n\n*Amended Minimum Bid Price Rule (Effective January\n19, 2026)*. Nasdaq amended its minimum bid price rules, effective January 19, 2026, such that if a listed security’s closing\nbid price falls below $0.10 for ten consecutive trading days, Nasdaq will immediately issue a Staff Delisting Determination under Rule\n5810 and the company will be ineligible for any compliance period that would otherwise be available. Prior to this amendment, an immediate\ndelisting determination could only be issued after a company’s security had already been non-compliant with the $1.00 minimum bid\nprice requirement for 30 consecutive trading days. Nasdaq adopted this change on the basis that a rapid decline in a security’s\nprice to below $0.10 is indicative of deep financial or operational distress that is unlikely to be temporary.\n\n \n\nOn March 12, 2026, we received a notification\nletter (the “Bid Price Deficiency Letter”) from the Listing Qualifications staff of Nasdaq notifying us that, for the last\n30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our Class A ordinary shares had been below the minimum $1.00 per share required\nfor continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market pursuant to Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (“Rule 5550(a)(2)”). The Bid\nPrice Deficiency Letter constitutes a notice of deficiency only and does not currently affect the listing or trading of our Class A ordinary\nshares on The Nasdaq Capital Market.\n\n \n\nPursuant to the Bid Price Deficiency Letter, we\nhave 180 days, or until September 8, 2026, to regain compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2) by maintaining a closing bid price of at least $1.00\nper share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days. We may also be eligible for an additional compliance period of 180 calendar days\nif, on September 8, 2026, we meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other applicable\nstandards for initial listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (with the exception of the closing bid price requirement) based on our then\nmost recent public filings and market information, and we provide written notice to Nasdaq of our intent to cure the deficiency during\nsuch additional compliance period, including, without limitation, by effecting a share consolidation, if necessary.\n\n \n\nWe intend to monitor closely the closing bid price\nof our Class A ordinary shares and to consider plans for regaining compliance with Rule 5550(a)(2). While we plan to review all available\noptions, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance with the applicable rules during the 180-day compliance period\nending on September 8, 2026, any additional compliance period, or at all. Furthermore, in the event that the closing bid price of our\nClass A ordinary shares falls below $0.10 per share for ten consecutive trading days, Nasdaq will issue an immediate Staff Delisting Determination\nand we will be ineligible for any compliance period that would otherwise be available, which would result in the immediate delisting of\nour Class A ordinary shares from The Nasdaq Capital Market.\n\n* *\n\n*Proposed Minimum Market Value Requirement (SR-NASDAQ-2026-004,\nPending SEC Approval)*. Nasdaq has proposed a new rule that would require listed companies on the Nasdaq Global Market and Nasdaq Capital\nMarket to maintain a minimum Market Value of Listed Securities of at least $5 million. Failure to satisfy this requirement for 30 consecutive\nbusiness days would result in immediate suspension and delisting without a standard compliance period. Under the proposed rule, any automatic\nstay of suspension during an appeal would be eliminated, meaning our securities would likely trade over-the-counter while any appeal is\npending.\n\n \n\n35\n\n \n\n \n\n*Proposed Discretionary Delisting Authority\n(SR-NASDAQ-2026-009, Pending SEC Approval)*. Nasdaq has also proposed granting itself discretionary authority to immediately delist\nsecurities if the SEC has suspended trading due to potential third-party misconduct.\n\n \n\nIf our Class A ordinary shares are delisted from\nNasdaq for any reason, it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Delisting\nwould likely cause the trading volume and liquidity of our Class A ordinary shares to decline significantly, as many institutional investors\nare prohibited by their investment mandates from holding securities that are not listed on a national securities exchange. Our Class A\nordinary shares would likely be traded on the over-the-counter markets, where investors may find it more difficult to obtain timely and\naccurate information about our company and where the trading market may be significantly less liquid than Nasdaq. The reduction in liquidity\ncould cause the trading price of our Class A ordinary shares to decline materially. In addition, delisting could impair our ability to\nraise capital through the issuance of equity or equity-linked securities, as investors and underwriters may be unwilling to participate\nin offerings of securities that are not listed on a national securities exchange. Delisting could also trigger defaults or acceleration\nprovisions under any existing or future debt instruments or agreements, and could impair our ability to attract and retain employees,\ncustomers, and business partners who may view a Nasdaq listing as an indicator of our financial stability and credibility. Furthermore,\nthe delisting of our Class A ordinary shares could result in negative publicity and erode investor confidence in our company, which could\nhave a long-term adverse impact on our business prospects and the value of your investment.\n\n** **\n\n**Our dual-class share structure\nwith different voting rights will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change\nof control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares may view as beneficial.**\n\n \n\nUnder our dual-class share structure, our\nordinary shares consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of\nshareholders, holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to 25 votes per share, while holders of Class A ordinary shares\nare entitled to one vote per share based on our dual-class share structure. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into\none Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B\nordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment, or disposition of any Class B ordinary shares by a\nholder thereof to a transferee who is not an affiliate of the transferor, such Class B ordinary shares are automatically and immediately\nconverted into an equal number of Class A ordinary shares.\n\n \n\nAs of the date of this Report, Mr. Peter Zuguang\nWang, the Chairman of our Board of Directors, beneficially owns all of our issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares. These Class B\nordinary shares constitute approximately 24.00% of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares and 88.76% of the aggregate voting\npower of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares, due to the disparate voting powers associated with our dual-class share\nstructure. As a result of the dual-class share structure and the concentration of ownership, the holder of Class B ordinary\nshares will have considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding mergers, consolidations, and the sale of all or substantially\nall of our assets, election of directors, and other significant corporate actions. The holder may take actions that are not in the best\ninterest of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of our\nCompany, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part\nof a sale of our Company and may reduce the price of the Class A ordinary shares. This concentrated control will limit your ability\nto influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover, or other change of control transactions\nthat holders of Class A ordinary shares may view as beneficial.\n\n** **\n\n36\n\n \n\n** **\n\n**The dual-class structure of our\nordinary shares may adversely affect the trading market for the Class A ordinary shares.**\n\n \n\nS&P Dow Jones and FTSE Russell have announced\nchanges to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies in certain indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude\ncompanies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being\nadded to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class capital\nstructures. As a result, the dual class structure of our ordinary shares may prevent the inclusion of the Class A ordinary shares\nin such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise\nseek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for the\nClass A ordinary shares. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices\nor capital structure could also adversely affect the value of the Class A ordinary shares\n\n \n\n**Future sales of our Class A ordinary shares,\nwhether by us or our shareholders, could cause the price of our Class A ordinary shares to decline.**\n\n \n\nIf our existing shareholders sell, or indicate\nan intent to sell, substantial amounts of our Class A ordinary shares in the public market, the trading price of our Class A ordinary\nshares could decline significantly. Similarly, the perception in the public market that our shareholders might sell our Class A ordinary\nshares could also depress the market price of our shares. A decline in the price of our Class A ordinary shares might impede our ability\nto raise capital through the issuance of additional Class A ordinary shares or other equity securities. In addition, the issuance and\nsale by us of additional Class A ordinary shares, or securities convertible into or exercisable for our Class A ordinary shares, or the\nperception that we will issue such securities, could reduce the trading price for our Class A ordinary shares as well as make future sales\nof equity securities by us less attractive or not feasible. The sale of Class A ordinary shares issued upon the exercise of our outstanding\nwarrants could further dilute the holdings of our then existing shareholders.\n\n  \n\n**We do not know whether a market for the\nClass A ordinary shares will be sustained or what the trading price of the Class A ordinary shares will be and as a result it may be difficult\nfor you to sell your Class A ordinary shares.**\n\n \n\nAlthough our Class A ordinary shares trade on\nNasdaq, an active trading market for the Class A ordinary shares may not be sustained. It may be difficult for you to sell your Class\nA ordinary shares without depressing the market price for the Class A ordinary shares. As a result of these and other factors, you may\nnot be able to sell your Class A ordinary shares. Further, an inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling\nClass A ordinary shares, or may impair our ability to enter into strategic partnerships or acquire companies or products by using our\nClass A ordinary shares as consideration.\n\n \n\n**Securities analysts may not cover our Class\nA ordinary shares and this may have a negative impact on the market price of our Class A ordinary shares.**\n\n \n\nThe trading market for our Class A ordinary shares\nwill depend, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have\nany control over independent analysts (provided that we have engaged various non-independent analysts). We do not currently have and may\nnever obtain research coverage by independent securities and industry analysts. If no independent securities or industry analysts commence\ncoverage of us, the trading price for our Class A ordinary shares would be negatively impacted. If we obtain independent securities or\nindustry analyst coverage and if one or more of the analysts who covers us downgrades our Class A ordinary shares, changes their opinion\nof our shares or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the price of our Class A ordinary shares would likely\ndecline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of us or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our Class A ordinary\nshares could decrease and we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price and trading volume of our Class\nA ordinary shares to decline.\n\n \n\n37\n\n \n\n \n\n**Because we do not expect to pay dividends\nin the foreseeable future, you must rely on the price appreciation of our Class A ordinary shares for a return on your investment.**\n\n \n\nWe currently intend to retain most, if not all,\nof our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay\nany cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our Class A ordinary shares as a source\nfor any future dividend income.\n\n \n\nOur board of directors has complete discretion\nas to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of British Virgin Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may\nby ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. Under British\nVirgin Islands law, a British Virgin Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in\nno circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary\ncourse of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends,\nif any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the\namount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions, and other factors\ndeemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our Class A ordinary shares will likely depend\nentirely upon any future price appreciation of our Class A ordinary shares. There is no guarantee that our Class A ordinary shares will\nappreciate in value or even maintain the price at which you purchased the Class A ordinary shares. You may not realize a return on your\ninvestment in our Class A ordinary shares and you may even lose your entire investment in our Class A ordinary shares.\n\n \n\n**Techniques employed by short sellers may\ndrive down the market price of our Class A ordinary shares.**\n\n \n\nShort selling is the practice of selling securities\nthat the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later\ndate to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed\nsecurities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the\nsale. As it is in the short seller’s interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for\nthe publication of, negative opinions regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum\nand generate profits for themselves after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in\nthe market.\n\n \n\nOther public companies listed in the United States\nthat have substantial operations in China have been the subject of short selling. Much of the scrutiny and negative publicity has centered\non allegations of a lack of effective internal control over financial reporting resulting in financial and accounting irregularities and\nmistakes, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result,\nmany of these companies are now conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations and, in the interim, are subject\nto shareholder lawsuits and/or SEC enforcement actions.\n\n \n\nWe may in the future be the subject of unfavorable\nallegations made by short sellers. Any such allegations may be followed by periods of instability in the market price of our Class A ordinary\nshares and negative publicity. If and when we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to\nbe true or untrue, we could be required to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves.\nWhile we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against\nthe relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable federal or state law or issues of commercial confidentiality.\nSuch a situation could be costly and time- consuming and could distract our management from growing our business. Even if such allegations\nare ultimately proven to be groundless, allegations against us could severely impact our business operations and shareholder’s equity,\nand the value of any investment in our Class A ordinary shares could be greatly reduced or rendered worthless.\n\n \n\n38\n\n \n\n \n\n**Our Class A ordinary shares may experience\nextreme price and volume fluctuations, which could lead to costly litigation for us and make an investment in us less appealing.**\n\n \n\nThe market price of our Class A ordinary shares\nmay fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including:\n\n \n\n●our\nbusiness strategy and plans;\n\n \n\n●new\nregulatory pronouncements and changes in regulatory guidelines and timing of regulatory approvals;\n\n \n\n●general\nand industry-specific economic conditions;\n\n \n\n●variations\nin our quarterly financial and operating results, including the rate at which we incur negative cash flow in future periods;\n\n \n\n●changes\nin market valuations of other companies that operate in our business segments or in our industry;\n\n \n\n●lack\nof trading liquidity;\n\n \n\n●changes\nin accounting principles; and\n\n \n\n●general\nmarket conditions, economic and other external factors.\n\n \n\nIn addition, the stock market in general, and\nthe market for shares of PRC-based issuers in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated\nor disproportionate to the operating performance of individual companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations, as well as general\neconomic, political, regulatory and market conditions, such as recessions, interest rate changes, inflation, public health crises, geopolitical\ninstability or disruptions in global supply chains, could cause the market price of our Class A ordinary shares to decline materially,\nregardless of our actual operating performance or prospects. As a result, investors in our Class A ordinary shares may experience a significant\ndecrease in the value of their investment and may be unable to resell their shares at or above the price paid."}