Nalbuphine Timing Effects on Hemodynamics and Analgesia in Elderly Patients

Conditions

• Postoperative Pain, Acute
• Hemodynamics
• Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

Interventions

• DRUG: Nalbuphine Hydrochloride injection was administered during anesthesia induction.
• DRUG: Nalbuphine Hydrochloride injection was administered after cement implantation.
• OTHER: Standard general anesthesia regimen ( nalbuphine was not administered throughout the entire anesthesia process.)

Sponsor

Qianfoshan Hospital