In this action, we are adopting emission standards for several groups of nonroad engines that have not been subject to EPA emission standards. These engines are large spark-ignition engines such as those used in forklifts and airport ground-service equipment; recreational vehicles using spark-ignition engines such as off-highway motorcycles, all-terrain vehicles, and snowmobiles; and recreational marine diesel engines. Nationwide, these engines and vehicles cause or contribute to ozone, carbon-monoxide, and particulate-matter nonattainment, as well as other types of pollution impacting human health and welfare. We expect that manufacturers will be able to maintain or even improve the performance of their products when producing engines and equipment meeting the new standards. Many engines will substantially reduce their fuel consumption, partially or completely offsetting any costs associated with the emission standards. Overall, the gasoline- equivalent fuel savings associated with the anticipated changes in technology resulting from this rule are estimated to be about 800 million gallons per year once the program is fully phased in. Health and environmental benefits from the controls included in today's rule are estimated to be approximately $8 billion per year once the controls are fully phased in. There are also several provisions to address the unique limitations of small-volume manufacturers.