Project Summary Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability in the United States. Recovery from stroke-induced disability affects patients’ long-term quality of life. The goal of the proposed project is to unravel the circuit mechanisms underlying functional recovery after stroke. We will employ innovative approaches using state-of-the-art two-photon imaging techniques combined with optogenetic stimulation in mice. These approaches will allow us to monitor and manipulate the same neural circuits longitudinally. Through these novel approaches, we will test the hypothesis that different classes of neurons have different roles in stroke recovery. Our approach will provide the basis for identifying more effective interventions that promote stroke recovery through cell-type-specific manipulation.