Daughters of depressed mothers are at extremely high-risk (HR) for developing major depressive disorder (MDD) by early adulthood. To develop more targeted early identification and prevention efforts for this HR population, it is essential to clarify risk factors associated with this illness early in development. Both adults and youth with active and remitted depression have shown evidence of impaired inhibitory control (IC), such as measured through Go/No-Go, Go-Stop and Stroop tasks. This cognitive impairment and MDD have been tied to abnormally decreased neural activation of the cognitive control network (CCN), increased activation of the default mode network (DMN), and increased connectivity between these networks. However, it is not yet clear whether IC, at behavioral, report, and neural levels, is a relevant risk factor for depression, evident in those at high-risk before first onset. Thus, the specific aims of this study are to examine: 1) at multiple levels of assessment (report, behavioral performance, neuroimaging task activation, and functional connectivity), whether impaired IC is evident in high-risk youth before depressive onset;; 2) if multimodal IC is either (a) an unitary or multidimensional construct in youth, and differentiates HR based on an (b) integrative marker or (c) dimensional indices, as well as each measure’s relative contributions (d);; and 3) whether maternal MDD moderates the relationship between IC and childhood adversity. The current proposal will be a two-site study subsumed under co/sponsor’s existing K23 (MH113793) at University of Illinois at Chicago and seed funding of Dr. Langenecker at University of Utah, sampling 130 adolescent girls (ages 13 – 16) at high- and low-risk based upon maternal history of recurrent MDD. It addresses new questions with this sample by adding an assessment of IC (reports, tasks, and functional neuroimaging) in adolescent girls. The structured training, mentorship, and research plans described are designed to enable testing these aims while developing the applicant’s knowledge and research experience in depression, neurocognition, developmental psychopathology, and familial risk designs in the pursuit of a clinical translational career as an independent researcher. The training and mentoring plan include didactic seminars, meetings with sponsors and consultants, additional statistical and neuroimaging coursework and guided readings, hands-on analytic and topical training, ethics discussions, and professional development activities. Mentorship will be provided by experts in neurobiological factors associated with risk, onset and recurrence of MDD across the lifespan;; familial risk;; statistical mixed modeling;; and developmental psychopathology. This study, along with completion of training goals, will eff...